Infections Of The Nervous System Flashcards by Brina Quintanilla Reyes

Are the diseases that infect the nervous system the most dangerous?

Yes, super

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Will severe inflammation help the nervous system if it is under attack by the disease?

The purpose of inflammation is to help you, however if there is severe inflammation, then no
( only doing more harm than good )

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Does the nervous system have regenerative tissue? If so what happens?

No
( usually will happen if presented with a disease is that it’ll most like get very severe if not caught on quickly )

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What is meningitis?

Inflammation of the meninges

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What is the function of the meninges?

Protective covering of the brain & spinal cord

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What is encephalitis?

Infection of the brain

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What’s the difference of meningitis & encephalitis?

Meningitis
- inflammation of the meninges

Encephalitis
- infection of the brain

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Can all microbes that enter the brain cause meningitis?

Yes

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Can virus, bacteria, fungal, Protozoa, cause meningitis?

Yes

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What are the most common types of microbes that can cause meningitis?

Viral & bacteria

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What are the more deadlier microbes that can cause meningitis?

Fungal & Protozoa

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How is bacterial meningitis transmitted by?

Respiratory
( droplets )

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If meningitis is found to be in a dorm, nursing home or anywhere, what do you have to do or happens?

Tell people that you have meningitis
Ask others who were near you to go check out
And be very careful

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What are the symptoms of meningitis?

Headache
Nausea
Vomiting
Stiff neck
Convulsions

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Meningitis have a high mortality rate? But??

Yes, if we catch it early it can be preventable

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Are viral cases of meningitis usually non fatal?

Yes

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How do we find out someone has meningitis?

Spinal tap
( lumbar puncture )

(Extra information
Clear tube - viral
Cloudy tube - bacteria )

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What are the 4 bacteria that mainly cause meningitis?
(SA, H, SP, N )

Streptococcus agalactiae
Hemophilis incluenzae type B
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Neisseria menigitidis

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What is streptococcus agalactiae?
( gram stain, shape, group?)

Gram positive
Coccus
Beta hemolytic group B

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What does streptococcus agalactiae mainly cause, in who? And acquired where? (3)

Cause neo-natal meningitis
Mainly infects infants
Acquired from mother birth canal

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Does hemophilus influenzae cause the flu?

NO!!

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What is hemophilus influnenzae type B?
( gram stain, shape, capsule or en capsuled?)

Gram negative
Rod
Encapsulated

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How many capsules does hemophilus influenzae type b has and the most virulent?

6 total capsules
Type B is most virulent
( named HIB )

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What is the transmission for hemophilus influenzae type B?

Respiratory ( nasopharynx)
Blood
Meninges

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Before vaccination, what was the percentage of infected childern with hemophilus Influenzae type B? And age group of childern ?

45-66% ( 6 months - 5 year old )

Is there a vaccine for hemophilus Influenzae type B? And name? And what is it?

Yes HIB vaccine Subunits vaccine

At what age did we give out the HIB vaccine?

2 months of age ( then 4, 6, 8 months ) ( again at 5 years )

Why do we give out the HIB vaccine so much?

To promote immunity

What is streptococcus Pneumoniae? ( gram staining, shape, encapsules, alpha or beta?)

Positive Diplococci Encapsulated Alpha hemolytic

40 year old comes into the ER complaining about stiff Neck and Naseua, he comes back positive for meningitis. It shows that it is diplococci, alpha hemolytic and gram positive? What bacteria is it?

Streptococci Pneumoniae

Streptococcus Pneumoniae causes ___ of all Pneumoniaes in children of age 6 months to 6 year old?

80%

What is the transmission of streptococcus pneumonia?

Respiratory ( nasopharynx ) -> blood -> meninges

Is streptococcus pneumonia the leading causes of meningitis? If so, what is the morality rate in kids & elders?

Yes Kids - 30% Elderly - 80%

Is there a vaccine for streptococcus pneumonia? Name and what is it?

Capsule conjugated vaccine ( name ) Subunit conjugated vaccine ( is what it is )

When do we normally give out the capsule conjugated vaccine to kids and elderly?

50+ plus 2 year of age

What is neisseria meningitidis ( gram stain, shape )

Gram negative Diplococcus

How is neisseria meningitidis transmitted?

Respiratory ( nasopharynx ) -> blood -> cerebral spinal fluid

What are the symptoms of Neisseria meningitidis ?

Endoxtiun causes fever, headache and RASH ON ABDOMEN

Biggest symptom of neisseria meningitis?

Rash on abdomen

Is neisseria meningitids the deadliest ? And percentage and how fast?

It is 80% mortality Happens in hours

Where do we normally get or see neisseria meningitidis?

Crowed enclosed places

What are the 4 virulence factors and functions of each in neisseria meningitidis? ( E, F, IG, C )

Endotoxin - fever and shock Fimbriae - attachment IGA protease- destroy IGA Capsule - antiphatocytic

Do we have a vaccine for neisseria meningitidis? And what is it?

Yes Subunit conjugated vaccine

What is the bacteria that causes tetanus?

Clostridium tetani

What is clostridium tetani? ( stain, spore, anaerobe/aerobe, shape?

Positive Spore forming Anaerobic Rod

Where do we find tetanus?

Soil Animal/human GI tract

What is the famous known area to get tetanus?

Old rusty nails

How does the spores of tetanus enter through the body?

Cuts

What is tetanus mainly known for?

Lock jaw

What is tetanus neonatorum?

Cuts stump of umbilical cord

What is the virulence of tetanus?

Presence of plasmid that codes for neurotoxin ( tetanospamisn )

What is the neurotoxin in tetanus called?

Tetanospasmin

What does tetanospamin do?

Inhibit muscle relaxation -> paralysis

Do we have a vaccine for tetanus?name?

Yes DTaP

What does the T in DTAP mean?

Tetanus toxoid

What is a toxoid?

Denature protein ( exotoxins )

Are toxoids subunit vaccines?

Yes

Why do we get a booster every 10 years for tetanus?

To help with long term immunity

Lets say you don’t have the vaccine for tetanus and step on a nail what is going to need to happen?

Get a vaccine Artificially acquired passive immunity

What is artificially acquired passive immunity?

Preformed antibodies that are immediate

What are the 2 viral disease of the nervous system?

Poliomyelitis Rabies

What is poliomyelitis ( family, naked or enveloped, shape, positive or negative, rna or dna, single or double )

Piconarvirdae family Naked Isosahedral Positive Single stranded Rna

What does pico mean?

Small

Are humans the only reservoir for poliomyelitis?

Yes

So if humans are the only reservoir for polio, can we potentially eradicate it?

Yes

What is the transmission for poliomyelitis?

Oral - fecal route

What are the 4 steps of polio in the body?

Down the throat Into GI Multiplies in small intestine Viral particle shitted out

Does the polio virus also invade lymph nodes and blood?

Yes

What are the first signs and then severe signs of polio?

Headache fever Paralysis

What helped with paralysis in kids who had polio? What machine?

Iron lung

Is there a vaccine for polio ? Name?

Yes 1. Salk vaccine 2. Sabin vaccine

What is the Salk vaccine? And was given to people what year?

Killed polio vaccine ( inactivated polio vaccine ) 1955

What is the Sabin vaccine?

Oral polio vaccine - live attenuated vaccine

What type of vaccine do we mainly use today?

1. Salk vaccine

When do we normally give the polio vaccine ?

2 months, 4 months, 6-18months

Whole agent vaccines are both live and killed vaccines? True or false

True

What is rabies? ( family, shape, negative or positive, single or double, rna or dna)

Rhabdoviridae Helical Negative Single stranded Rna

Rabies is mainly known for its ____ appearance?

Bullet shape

How is rabies transmitted by?

Exposure to infected animals ( bites & handling )

Is rabies zoonotic?

Yes

What is the main animal who has rabies in the USA?

Bats

What are the 4 steps that happens to your body when getting rabies?

1. Bite 2. Pns 3. Cns 4. Brain

What are the symptoms of rabies?

Agitation Hydrophobia Salivation

What does symptoms mean in rabies?

It’s too late to save them 99% morality rate

What is the diagnosis of rabies? ( distinction in the brain )

Negri bodies in the brain

What is the treatment of rabies?

Passive HRIG & vaccine

What does HRIG mean?

Human rabies immunoglobulin

What is the vaccine for rabies name And what is it? ( H D C ?)

HDCV ( human diploid cell vaccine ) Killed viral vaccine

When do we give the vaccine? ( the 4 days ?)

Day 0 Day 3 Day 7 Day 14

Rabies is the only what for vaccination?

Post vaccine given after exposure

What is the prevention of rabies?

Vaccination your animals & wild life

Why does the rabies disease take a while to infect some people and others a short period of time?

It all depends where you got bite Leg - longer time to reach brain Neck - shorter time to reach brain

Rabies causes what in the brain?

Encephalitis

Infections Of The Nervous System Flashcards

(93 cards)