Disease Process + Chronic Illness

Question 1

(FILL IN) Disease is a disturbance in the ___ or ___ of the body due to __ or ___ capability to counteract ____ as presented in its ___

stimuli
structure
faulty
inadequate
function
s/sx

Answer 1

Structure
Function
Faulty
Inadequate
Stimuli
S/sx

Question 2

Differentiate mortality vs morbidity

Answer 2

Mortality: die
Morbidity: sick

Question 3

Relationship between disease and geographical environment.

Answer 3

Ecology

Question 4

Study of the patterns of health and disease

Answer 4

Epidemiology

Question 5

The degree of resistance the potential host

has against the pathogen.

Answer 5

Susceptibility

Question 6

What is the one that possesses the potential for producing injury or disease?

Answer 6

Etiologic agent

Question 7

R0 stands for?

Answer 7

R-naught, the degree of virulence or infectiousness

Question 8

Interpret this

The R0 of COVID Delta Variant is 1:5

Answer 8

Every 1 person

who gets it, can infect 5 people

Question 9

Another term for a distinct symptom

Answer 9

Pathognomonic symptom

Question 10

Objective/subjective
Symptom: ____
Sign: ____

Answer 10

Subjective

Objective

Question 11

What is a syndrome? give an example

Answer 11

A group of symptoms that commonly occur together, ex: TB and HIV

Question 12

(T/F)
Pathogenesis deals with the study of change
Pathology deals with the origin of a disease

Answer 12

FALSE, vice versa

Question 13

(T/F) The more severe your symptoms, the lower chances of sequela

Answer 13

FALSE, the worse its symptoms = the higher chance

Question 14

Differentiate complication and sequela

Answer 14

Complication: during or after an illness
Sequela: only after an illness

Question 15

Prognosis is affected by c___

Answer 15

Comorbidities

Question 16

(T/F) Recovery involves restoration to post-illness state

Answer 16

FALSE, pre-illness state

Question 17

Classifications of diseases according to etiologic agent (HCMDT ANIDI)

Define each.

Answer 17

Hereditary: transmitted to offspring
Congenital: defect present at birth
Metabolic: abnormal process
Deficiency: intake or absorption
Traumatic: injury

Allergic: abnormal response to stimuli
Neoplastic: abnormal growth
Idiopathic: unknown
Degenerative: wear and tear
Iatrogenic: from hospital, medico-legal

Question 18

Classifications of diseases according to etiologic agent
(ACS)

Define each.

Answer 18

Acute: 3-5 days, lasts for 2 weeks (fast onset, short duration)

Chronic: >3 months (slow onset, long duration)

Sub-acute: more prolonged compared to acute

Question 19

Other classifications of diseases (OFOFVEEPS)

Define each.

Answer 19

Organic: change in structure
Functional: change in response
Occupational: r/t work
Familial: passed on
Venereal: sex
Endemic: recurring
Epidemic: some communities
Pandemic: widespread
Sporadic: occassional

Question 20

Who is the Father of Medicine? And what did he find/lack?

Answer 20

Hippocrates
Hippocratic Method of finding s/sx
But didnt know disease process

Question 21

(T/F) Health is the absence of disease

Answer 21

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (WHO)

Question 22

Volunteered in the Crimean War, identified that most soldiers were dying for reasons outside combat

Answer 22

Florence Nightingale

Question 23

Match the person to their contribution:

1. Robert Koch
2. John Snow
3. Louis Pasteur
4. Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis
5. Travis
6. Dunn

A. Concept of bacteria
B. Cause of outbreak of cholera
C. Father of Handwashing
D. Germ Theory / Cow experiment
E. Concept of Wellness
F. Wellness Model

Answer 23

1D
2B
3A
4C
5F
6E

Question 24

(T/F) According to Travis’ Wellness Model, we cannot easily sway from one end (health/wellness and illness)

Answer 24

FALSE, we can because health and wellness are a continuum

Question 25

Flow of Travis' Biomedical Model (MTN)

Answer 25

Manifest-treat-neutral point

Question 26

Differentiate wellness and high level wellness

Answer 26

Wellness: positive wellbeing = higher functioning | High level: individual maximum wellness

Question 27

Classify the ff: 1. Vaccine 2. Screening for HTN/cancer 3. Health Education 4. Administer meds 5. Rehabilitation A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary

Answer 27

``` 1A 2B 3A 4B 5C ```

Question 28

Nursing measures in acute illness focus on ___ While in chronic illnesses, it focuses on ___

Answer 28

Relief of s/sx | Lifestyle changes to control s/sx

Question 29

Characteristics of long term illness (LDCCU)

Answer 29

``` Long term (can progress) Process of discovery Collaborative High cost Uncertain, anything can happen (complications, disability) ```

Question 30

(+/-) for appearance of disease Remission (_) Exacerbation (_)

Answer 30

- | +

Question 31

Phases of Chronic Illness (PTSU ACCDD)

Answer 31

Pre-trajectory: at risk Trajectory: onset s/sx Stable: managed Unstable: exacerbation/ reactivation ``` Acute: sudden onset of severe s/sx = hospitalization Crisis: life-threatening = emergency Comeback: recover Downward: worsening Dying: gradual or rapid decline ```

Question 32

Differentiate invalid, disability, handicap, cripple

Answer 32

Invalid/impairment: can but not enough as before Disability: cannot Handicap: can and enough, just hard Cripple: loss of a limb

Question 33

What are the factors that affect chronic patient needs? (DASP)

Answer 33

Medical diagnosis Age Support system Prognosis

Question 34

Areas for Prevention and Control of Chronic Illness (HSEPR)

Answer 34

``` Health promotion Specific prevention Early detection Prompt treatment Rehabilitation ```

Question 35

Give at least 3 nursing interventions for chronic illness

Answer 35

``` Reduce disability Think of long and short term goals Assist in continuing therapy (medications) Give appropriate developmental task Aid through grieving Work with family = accept ```

Question 36

Principles of Care for Chronic Illness (OCPAF)

Answer 36

``` Restore optimal functioning Prevent complication Psychosocial care Continued assessment Follow up care ```