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Microbiology Charts > Diseases of Skin and Wounds > Flashcards

Diseases of Skin and Wounds Flashcards

(153 cards)

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1
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Major Symptoms

A

Red, itching, burning… may drain pus, blood, or both (pimple, sty, furuncle, carbuncle)

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2
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Causative Organisms

A

Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus Epidermidis

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3
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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4
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Mode of Transmission

A

Direct contact/fomites

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5
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Key Assoications

A

Staph.. aureus - *More likely cause* of folliculitis; may get “Methicillin Resistant S. Aureus” MRSA Staph… epidermidis - *More predominant* on skin, but *NOT* most likely to cause folliculitis

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6
Q

“Hot Tub” Folliculitis Major Symptoms

A

small “pimples” on stomach, buttocks, arms and legs

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7
Q

“Hot Tub” Folliculitis Causative Organism

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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8
Q

“Hot Tub” Folliculitis Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram -)

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9
Q

“Hot Tub” Folliculitis Mode of Transmission

A

Using a poorly chlorinated hot tub or spa

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10
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Major Symptoms

A

*Skin peels off in sheets*; Reddening of skin; begins near mouth, spreads over entire body

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11
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Causative Organisms

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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12
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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13
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Mode of Transmission

A

Direct contact/fomites

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14
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Key Associations

A

Can be mistaken for child abuse

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15
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Major Symptoms

A

Small, flattened red patches on face and limbs; develop into pus filled vesicles that crust (*pyoderma*)

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16
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Causative Organisms

A

Staphylococcus aureus (80%)

Streptococcus pyogenes (20%)

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17
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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18
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Mode of Transmission

A

Direct contact/fomites

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19
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Key Associations

A

Most common in children

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20
Q

Erysipelas Major Symptoms

A

*Fiery red rash* with sharply defined *raised borders*

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21
Q

Erysipelas Causative Organisms

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (most cases)

Staphylococcus aureus (occasionally)

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22
Q

Erysipelas Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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23
Q

Erysipelas Mode of Transmission

A

Direct contact/fomites

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24
Q

Erysipelas Key Associations

A

Most common in elderly, peak incidence 60-80

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25
Necrotizing Fasciitis Major Symptoms
\*Spreads along fascia\*; Destruction of Muscle and fat tissue (\*necrosis\*), multiple organ failure
26
Necrotizing Fasciitis Causative Organisms
Streptococcus pyogenes
27
Necrotizing Fasciitis Type of Pathogen
Bacteria (Gram +)
28
Necrotizing Fasciitis Mode of Transmission
Person-to-Person Enters through breaks in skin
29
Necrotizing Fasciitis Key Associations
\*aka "flesh eating bacteria"; Emerging Disease\*
30
Acne Major Symptoms
Infection of hair follicle, sebaceous glands
31
Acne Causative Organism
Propionibacterium acnes
32
Acne Type of Pathogen
Bacteria (Gram +)
33
Acne Mode of Transmission
Direct contact
34
Acne Key Associations
Cystic acne is most severe form
35
Cat Scratch Disease/Fever Major Symptoms
\*Bump or blister\* at site of injury, \*lymphadenopathy\*
36
Cat Scratch Disease/Fever Causative Organism
Bartonella henselae
37
Cat Scratch Disease/Fever Type of Pathogen
Bacteria (Gram -)
38
Cat Scratch Disease/Fever Mode of Transmission
Cat scratches, bites, or licks
39
Pseudomonas Infection Major Symptoms
Fever, chills, and the production of purulent matter in infected wounds
40
Pseudomonas Infection Causative Organism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
41
Pseudomonas Infection Type of Pathogen
Bacteria (Gram -)
42
Pseudomonas Infection Mode of Transmission
Opportunistic
43
Pseudomonas Infection Key Associations
produces a blue-green pigment called \*pyocyanin\*; infections of severe burns are pervasive
44
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Major Symptoms
\*Non-itchy spotted rash\* on trunk and appendages; \*Including soles and palms; petechiae\* Fever, headaches, chills, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting
45
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Causative Organism
Rickettsia ricketsii
46
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Type of Pathogen
Bacteria (Gram -)
47
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Mode of Transmission
Hard ticks vector
48
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Key Associations
Most severe and common Rickettsial illness
49
Cutaneous Anthrax Major Symptoms
Spreads to form painless, swollen, \*black, crusty ulder (eschar)\*; Releases anthrax into blood, producing toxemia
50
Cutaneous Anthrax Causative Organism
Bacillus anthracis
51
Cutaneous Anthrax Type of Pathogen
Bacteria (Gram +)
52
Cutaneous Anthrax Mode of Transmission
Direct Contact
53
Cutaneous Anthrax Key Associations
\*Category A Bioterrorist Threat\*
54
Gas Gangrene Major Symptoms
\*Foul-smelling; gas bubbles\* Intense pain; necrosis; shock, kidney failure, death
55
Gas Gangrene Causative Organism
Clostridium perfringens
56
Gas Gangrene Type of Pathogen
Bacteria (Gram +)
57
Gas Gangrene Mode of Transmission
Fecally contaminated soil/water -- traumatic
58
Gas Gangrene Key Associations
\*Rapid treatment is crucial\*
59
Smallpox (aka Variola) Major Symptoms
\*Pox lesions\* that progress through series of stages
60
Smallpox (aka Variola) Causative Organism
Smallpox virus (Orthopox virus)
61
Smallpox (aka Variola) Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
62
Smallpox (aka Variola) Mode of Transmission
Primarily through inhalation
63
Smallpox (aka Variola) Key Associations
\*Only\* human disease \*eradicated worldwide; Category A Bioterrorist threat; BSL-4\*
64
Molluscum Contagiosum Major Symptoms
Raised, \*pearl-like waxy\* papules
65
Molluscum Contagiosum Causative Organism
Molluscum Contagiosum virus (Molluscipoxvirus)
66
Molluscum Contagiosum Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
67
Molluscum Contagiosum Mode of Transmission
Direct Contact (sometimes STD)
68
Molluscum Contagiosum Key Associations
Condoms may not afford protection
69
Monkeypox Major Symptoms
\*Pox lesions\* that progress through a series of stages
70
Monkeypox Causative Organism
Monkeypox virus (orthopoxvirus)
71
Monkeypox Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
72
Monkeypox Mode of Transmission
Primarily through inhalation
73
Monkeypox Key Associations
\*Emerging disease\*; less serious than smallpox
74
Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Major Symptoms
\*Blisters on Face/Mouth\* recurrent, painful, slow-spreading
75
Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Causative Organism
Mainly Human Herpes Virus (HHV-1) (aka Herpes Simplex)
76
Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
77
Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Mode of Transmission
Close contact with active lesions
78
Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Key Associations
\*Latent\* virus usually in \*Trigeminal Ganglia\*; "above the waist herpes"
79
Herpetic Whitlow Major Symptoms
\*Blisters on Finger\* Recurrent, painful, slow spreading
80
Herpetic Whitlow Causative Organism
Mainly HHV-1 (aka herpes simplex)
81
Herpetic Whitlow Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
82
Herpetic Whitlow Mode of Transmission
Close contact with active lesions
83
Herpetic Whitlow Key Associations
\*Latent virus\* usually in \*Brachial Ganglia\*; "above the waist herpes"
84
Herpes gladiatorum Major Symptoms
\*Blisters anywhere\* on body Recurrent, painful, slow-spreading
85
Herpes gladiatorum Causative Organism
Mainly HHV-1 (aka herpes simplex)
86
Herpes gladiatorum Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
87
Herpes gladiatorum Mode of Transmission
Close contact with active lesions
88
Herpes gladiatorum Key Associations
\*Latent virus\* in various ganglia; Associated with \*contact sports\*
89
Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Major Symptoms
Extremely \*itchy, fluid filled blisters\* all over the body
90
Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Causative Organism
HHV-3 (aka Varicella-Zoster)
91
Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
92
Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Mode of Transmission
\*Highly infectious disease\*- through the respiratory tract or eyes
93
Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Key Associations
Most often affects children, more serious in adults
94
Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Major Symptoms
\*Painful\*, blistering skin rash that follows \*dermatome (usually unilateral)\*
95
Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Causative Organism
HHV-3 (aka Varicella-Zoster)
96
Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
97
Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Mode of Transmission
Reactivated latent virus in \*15%\* of people who have had chickenpox
98
Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Key Associations
Shingles follow \*dermatome; latent virus in spinal DRG\*; post-herpetic neuralgia complication of shingles
99
Warts Major Symptoms
\*Benign\* epithelial growths on the skin or mucous membranes
100
Warts Causative Organism
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
101
Warts Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
102
Warts Mode of Transmission
\*Autoinoculation\* Direct contact, fomites
103
Warts Key Associations
Common warts (papilomas): seed warts (fingers, toes), plantar warts (feet), flat warts (trunk, face, elbows, knees)
104
Rubella (aka German Measels) Major Symptoms
\*Rash\* of flat, red to pink spots
105
Rubella (aka German Measels) Causative Organism
Rubella Virus
106
Rubella (aka German Measels) Type of Pathogen
RNA Virus
107
Rubella (aka German Measels) Mode of Transmission
Spread in the air via respiratory droplets
108
Rubella (aka German Measels) Key Associations
In \*pregnant women\* causes \*congenital rubella syndrome\*
109
Measles (aka Rubeola) Major Symptoms
\*Koplik's spots\* appear on the mucous membrane of the mouth; \*rash\* then appears on the head and spread over the body
110
Measles (aka Rubeola) Causative Organism
Measles virus (Morbillivirus)
111
Measles (aka Rubeola) Type of Pathogen
RNA Virus
112
Measles (aka Rubeola) Mode of Transmission
Spread in the air via respiratory droplets \*(highly contagious)\*
113
Measles (aka Rubeola) Key Associations
Sometimes causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE); Vaccine has eliminated endemic measles in the US
114
Erythema infectiosum Major Symptoms
Reddening of the skin \*resembles slap, aggravated by sunlight\*
115
Erythema infectiosum Causative Organism
Parvovirus B19
116
Erythema infectiosum Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
117
Erythema infectiosum Mode of Transmission
Spread mostly by droplets; \*once the rash is present, the person is usually no longer infectious\*
118
Erythema infectiosum Key Associations
\*aka fifth disease, "slapped cheek" syndrome\*
119
Roseola Major Symptoms
\*Rose-colored rash\*, mononucleosis-like symptoms
120
Roseola Causative Organism
HHV-6 (aka Roseolovirus)
121
Roseola Type of Pathogen
DNA Virus
122
Roseola Mode of Transmission
Person to person, most likely by transfer of oral secretions
123
Roseola Key Associations
\*May\* be linked to Multiple Sclerosis; \*may\* make people more susceptible to AIDS
124
Piedra Major Symptoms
P. Hortae- \*Hard, black, irregular nodules\* on the hair shaft T. beiglii- \*Soft, grayish-white, irregular nodules\* on the hair shaft
125
Piedra Causative Organism
Piedraia hortae Trichosporon beiglii
126
Piedra Type of Pathogen
Fungus
127
Piedra Mode of Transmission
Opportunistic pathogen; often transmitted via shared hair brushes and combs
128
Piedra Key Associations
P. hortae- \*Black Piedra\* T. beiglii- \*White Piedra\*
129
Pityriasis versicolor Major Symptoms
Hypo- or hyperpigmented patches of scaly skin
130
Pityriasis versicolor Causative Organism
Malassezia furfur
131
Pityriasis versicolor Type of Pathogen
Fungus
132
Pityriasis versicolor Mode of Transmission
Opportunistic pathogen
133
Pityriasis versicolor Key Associations
takes months to return to normal, identified by green color under UV light
134
Dermatophytoses (aka "ringworm") Major Symptoms
Red, raised lesions in specific body region; White/yellow thickening of nails
135
Dermatophytoses (aka "ringworm") Causative Organism
Epidermophyton sp. Microsporum sp. Trichopyton sp.
136
Dermatophytoses (aka "ringworm") Type of Pathogen
Fungus
137
Dermatophytoses (aka "ringworm") Mode of Transmission
Direct Contact/ Fomites
138
Dermatophytoses (aka "ringworm") Key Associations
\*Tinea Pedis\* (athlete's foot); \*Tinea cruris\* (jock itch); \*Tinea Corporis\* (trunk); \*Tinea capitis\* (head); \*Tinea unguium\* (onychomycosis)
139
Sporotrichosis Major Symptoms
\*Cutaneous sporotrichosis\*: nodular lesions around the infection site; \*Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis\*: secondary lesions occur on the skin along the course of lymphatic vessicles
140
Sporotrichosis Causative Organism
Sporothrix schenckii
141
Sporotrichosis Type of Pathogen
Fungus
142
Sporotrichosis Mode of Transmission
Opportunistic pathogen- thorn prick or splinters allow transmission
143
Sporotrichosis Key Associations
aka rose-gardener's disease
144
Leishmaniasis Major Symptoms
\*Cutaneous\*: large painless skin lesions; \*Mucocutaneous\*: skin lesions enlarge to encompass mucous membranes; \*Visceral\*: parasite is spread by macrophages throughout the body
145
Leishmaniasis Causative Organism
Leishmania sp. (L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. tropica)
146
Leishmaniasis Type of Pathogen
Protozoan
147
Leishmaniasis Mode of Transmission
Sand fly vector
148
Leishmaniasis Key Associations
Nicknamed \*\*"Baghdad Boil"\*\*; Visceral Leishmaniasis aka \*\*kala azar\*\*
149
Scabies Major Symptoms
\*Intense itching\* and rash of small red bumps at infection site; \*often linear\*
150
Scabies Causative Organism
Sarcoptes scabiei
151
Scabies Type of Pathogen
Mite
152
Scabies Mode of Transmission
Prolonged bodily contact
153
Scabies Key Associations
\*May\* see characteristic \*\*"burrows" or "tunnels"\*\*; Epidemics occur in crowded conditions

Microbiology Charts (5 decks)

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