Diseases Of The Nervous System

Question 1

Toxoplasmosis transmission

Answer 1

Congenital, from mother to fetus

Question 2

Mad cow disease transmission

Answer 2

Ingestion of contaminated food

Question 3

Listeriosis transmission

Answer 3

Ingestion of contaminated soft cheeses

Question 4

Haemophilus meningitis transmission

Answer 4

Airborne to nasopharynx

Question 5

Rabies transmission

Answer 5

Bite of infected animal

Question 6

Botulism transmission

Answer 6

Ingestion of contaminated food

Question 7

Tetanus transmission

Answer 7

Contamination of open wound

Question 8

Hansen’s disease transmission

Answer 8

Prolonged direct contact with infected individuals

Question 9

Cryptococcal meningitis causative agent

Answer 9

Cryptococcal neoformans

Question 10

Toxoplasmosis causative agent

Answer 10

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 11

Mad cow disease causative agent

Answer 11

CJD or vCJD prion

Question 12

Listeriosis causative agent

Answer 12

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 13

Meningococcal meningitis causative agent

Answer 13

Neisseria meningitis

Question 14

Rabies causative agent

Answer 14

Rabies virus

Question 15

Botulism causative agent

Answer 15

Clostridium botulinum

Question 16

Tetanus causative agent

Answer 16

Clostridium tetani

Question 17

Hansen’s disease causative agent

Answer 17

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 18

Meningococcal meningitis signs and symptoms

Answer 18

Fever, chills, severe headache, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, photophobia, petechiae and echymosis

Question 19

Tetanus signs and symptoms

Answer 19

Trismus, risus sardonicus, muscle tension with stiff neck, difficulty swallowing, and flexion of the calf and pectoral muscles. Opisthotonus, follow with a low-grade fever, heart beat irregularities, and elevated blood pressure

Question 20

Hansen’s disease signs and symptoms

Answer 20

Formation of nodules on nose, earlobes and extremities; anesthesia with decreased sensitivity to touch, pain, heat

Question 21

Mad cow disease signs and symptoms

Answer 21

Rapid onset of delirium, dementia, anxiety, confusion, disorientation, jerking or seizures

Question 22

Cryptococcal meningitis signs and symptoms

Answer 22

Headache stiff neck, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting and photophobia developing over a few days to weeks, not within hours

Question 23

Listeriosis signs and symptoms

Answer 23

Initially symptoms include fever, myalgia, nausea, and diarrhea. Typical meningitis-like symptoms with headache, change in mental status, stiff neck, convulsions, and loss of balance; granulomatosis infantsepticum in infants

Question 24

Haemophilus meningitis signs and symptoms

Answer 24

Fever, chills, severe headache, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, and stiff neck, photophobia

Question 25

Rabies signs and symptoms

Answer 25

Headache, fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, and pain at the original site of infection. Hydrophobia, pharyngeal spasms, anxiety, loss of coordination, paralysis, confusion and delirium, hypotension, hypoventilation, coma and death.

Question 26

Botulism signs and symptoms

Answer 26

Double vision and drooping eyelids. Slurred speech with dry mouth and difficulty swallowing. Flaccid paralysis leading to respiratory failure and death

Question 27

Toxoplasmosis treatment

Answer 27

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, plus folinic acid.

Question 28

Tetanus Treatment

Answer 28

Immunoglobulin is used to inactivate toxin. Metronidazole is administered to counter the growth of the bacteria. The contaminated wounded must be cleaned and necrotic tissue removed

Question 29

Hansen's disease treatment

Answer 29

Rifampicin, Clofazamine, and dapsone

Question 30

West Nile fever treatment

Answer 30

Bed rest, proper hydration, analgesics to relieve fever and headaches. In extreme cases, ventilation, control of nausea, vomiting and encephalitis is required

Question 31

Botulism control and prevention

Answer 31

Proper food preparation, particularly that of home canned goods containing low-acid fruits and vegetables. Avoid ingestion of anything thought to be contaminated. Infants under the age of one year should not be fed honey.

Question 32

Toxoplasmosis control and prevention

Answer 32

Infection of pregnant women place the fetus at risk, so education of first trimester pregnant women is an important way by which the disease can be prevented.

Question 33

Poliomyelitis control and prevention

Answer 33

Inactivated virus is used as a vaccine at two months of age, with boosters at four, six, between six and 18 months, and at about five years. The Salk (killed virus) vaccine that is administered intramuscularly and the Sabin (attenuated live virus) vaccine that is delivered orally

Question 34

West Nile fever control and prevention

Answer 34

Protection from mosquito bites by using insect repellent's containing DEET. Elimination of mosquitoes. Avoid having standing water in flowerpots, gardens, and rain gutters.

Question 35

Cryptococcal meningitis type of agent

Answer 35

Fungus

Question 36

Toxoplasmosis type of agent

Answer 36

Protist

Question 37

Mad cow disease type of agent

Answer 37

Prion

Question 38

Meningococcal meningitis type of agent

Answer 38

Bacterium

Question 39

Rabies type of agent

Answer 39

Virus

Question 40

Botulism type of agent

Answer 40

Bacterium

Question 41

Tetanus type of agent

Answer 41

Bacterium

Question 42

Hansen's disease type of agent

Answer 42

Bacterium

Question 43

West Nile fever type of agent

Answer 43

Virus

Question 44

Cryptococcal meningitis transmission

Answer 44

Airborne to nasopharynx