Diseases of the Rectum that Develop During Life Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is hemorrhoids and how do they affect the rectum?
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum or anal canal. They can cause pain, itching, and bleeding during defecation. They often develop due to increased pressure from constipation, pregnancy, or prolonged sitting.
What is rectal prolapse?
Rectal prolapse occurs when part of the rectum slides out of the anus. It can cause leakage of stool and mucus, and may require surgical treatment. It often happens in older adults or those with chronic constipation.
What is anal fissure?
An anal fissure is a small tear in the skin around the anus. It can cause pain and bleeding during defecation. It is often caused by passing hard stools or chronic diarrhea.
What is proctitis and what causes it?
Proctitis is inflammation of the rectum that can cause symptoms like pain, bleeding, and discharge. It is often caused by infections, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or radiation therapy.
What is rectal cancer and how is it detected?
Rectal cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the rectum. Symptoms include rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, and weight loss. It is typically detected through colonoscopy and can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
What is the main cause of rectal bleeding?
Rectal bleeding can be caused by a variety of conditions, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, proctitis, or colorectal cancer. It is important to investigate the cause through medical examination.
What is anal fistula and how does it form?
An anal fistula is an abnormal connection between the anal canal and the skin around the anus. It usually develops after an anal abscess. It can cause pain, swelling, and discharge.
What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and how does it affect the rectum?
IBD, which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, causes chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, including the rectum. It can lead to pain, bleeding, and diarrhea. The rectum is often affected in ulcerative colitis.
How does chronic constipation affect the rectum?
Chronic constipation can cause the rectum to stretch and weaken over time, leading to issues like rectal prolapse or hemorrhoids. It can also make defecation more difficult and cause pain and discomfort.
What are the risk factors for rectal cancer?
Risk factors for rectal cancer include age, family history, chronic inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis, poor diet, and smoking. Early detection is key, and regular colonoscopy can help identify it.
