Diseases of the Small Intestine Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

Diseases of the small intestine

A

Acute enteropathy
Small intestinal obstruction
Breed related enteropathy
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy

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2
Q

CS of dz in the small intestine

A

V/D, WL, anorexia/ polyphagia
Borborygmus, painful abdomen, fluid in bowel loops
Systemic/ metabolic illness (shock, hyperthermia, etc)

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3
Q

Which diseases cause diarrhea in young?

A

Parvo, pythiosis, intestinal parasites and diet repsonse enteropathy

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4
Q

Which diseases cause diarrhea in older animals?

A

Middle: chronic enteropathies
Old: neoplasia

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5
Q

SI dz in cats

A

↑ T4, FeLV/ FIV, FIP

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6
Q

SI dz in dogs

A

Addison’s, pythosis, whipworms

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7
Q

Small bowel diarrhea

A

Large amount, melena (black), rare mucus and tenesmus, maybe fat vomiting and WL, gas sometimes

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8
Q

Large bowel diarrhea

A

Small amount, mucus, fresh blood, tenesmus, ↑ frequency, urgency, rare WL, maybe vomiting

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9
Q

Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (HGE)

A

Acute onset of vomiting
Hematochezia, hematemesis (bloody), rapidly progressive

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10
Q

Differentials for Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome

A

Parvo, gastric ulceration, parasites or addisons

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11
Q

Dx for Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome

A

Routine + coagulogram, parvo, fecal, baseline cortisol or ACTH, rads and US

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12
Q

Tx for Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome

A

Aggressive fluids, Abx, same tx as acute gastritis

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13
Q

K9 parvo CS

A

PUPPIES
Depressed, anorexia, V/D (bloody), fever, dehydration, tender abdomen

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14
Q

DX parvo

A

Fecal Ag test
Detects wild type and vx virus

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15
Q

Bloodwork for parvo

A

↓ WBC
Hypoglycemia (septicemia, low glycogen)
Low potassium and ↑ ALP

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16
Q

Tx for k9 parvo

A

IV fluids (or oral)
Anti-emetics (cerenia, metoclopramide)
Abx (ampicillin and enrofloxacin)
don’t use anti-diarrheals

17
Q

Chronic SI dz (CIE)

A

Diet responsive enteropathy
Abx responsive enteropathy
Steroid responsive enteropathy
IBD
Lymphangiectasia

18
Q

Diet responsive enteropathy

A

Diarrhea secondary to dietary Ag
Young dogs or cats
Food intolerance and hypersensitivity

19
Q

Skin CS for food hypersensitivity

A

Pruritus (facial, pedal)
Otitis externa
Self trauma → pyoderma
Miliary dermatitis

20
Q

GI CS for food hypersensitivity

A

V/D, borborygmus, flatulence, abdominal pain, WL

21
Q

Diet responsive enteropathy dx

A

C-reactive protein
intra-dermal skin test
Dietary trial
Indirect tests: cobalamin, food specific IgE and IgG

22
Q

Tx for Diet responsive enteropathy

A

Restricted diet
Skin lesions: baths, fish oil, ketoconazole, antihistamines

23
Q

Abx responsive diarrhea (ARD)/ SI bacterial overgrowth

A

Bacterial overgrowth
Caused by: EPI, partial intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis, CIE, neoplasia, dietary responsive enteritides

24
Q

CS in dogs with Abx responsive diarrhea

A

Young
Chr. intermittent diarrhea, WL, borborygmus, flatulence, vomiting, ↑ urgency/ frequency

25
Pathogenesis of Abx responsive diarrhea
↑ bacterial numbers in SI: ↑ competition for nutrients and by-products of metabolism and damage to mucosal brush border
26
Dx tests for Abx responsive diarrhea
TLI, cobalamin, folate C-reactive protein Serum conjugated bile acids Histopath and dysbiosis index
27
ARD tx
Broad spectrum abx: tylosin, metro 4-6 w course Relapse = lifelong therapy
28
Steroid responsive enteropathy (chr. inflammatory enteritis/ CIE)
Persistent or recurrent GI signs Intestinal inflammation
29
CS of CIE
Vomiting, SI, LI and mixed diarrhea Thickened bowel loops, borborygmus, flatulence, WL Hypoproteinemia: ascites, pleural effusion, SQ edema
30
Histopath of CIE
Lymphocytic-plasmacytic Eosinophilic, granulocytic, neutrophilic
31
DX CIE
Stress leukogram, non-regen anemia ↓ cholesterol, albumin, globulin, hypocalcemia Rads and US: thickened bowel loops Endoscopy
32
Tx for CIE
Diet: hydrolyzed, limited Ag, low fat Probiotic antimicrobials (tylosin and metro) Cobalamin +/- folate Glucos (pred) Gastroprotectants (H2 blockers, sucralfate) Cytotoxic drugs (azathioprine)
33
Primary Lymphangiectasia
Intestinal lymphatic disorder, congential
34
Secondary Lymphangiectasia
Intestinal lymphatic obstruction Obstruction of the thoracic duct Right heart failure
35
Lymphangiectasia
Marked dilation and dysfunction of intestinal lacteals Lymphatic leakage of proteins PLE