Lower Resp. Dz Flashcards
(28 cards)
K9 bronchitis
Chr. inflammatory response in the airways → small airway obstruction, bronchial thickening, ↑ mucus secretion, fibrosis, emphysema
K9 bronchitis (COPD) etiologies
Allergies (inhaled, food)
Infectious (bacterial, viral mycoplasma)
Pulmonary parasites
Heartworms
Inhaled irritants
Dx of K9 bronchitis
Auscultation: norm or exspiratory crackles and wheezes
Rads: bronchial pattern
Cytology: ↑ mucus, inflamm response, eosins
Fecal test for parasites
Heartworm testing
Tx for K9 bronchitis
Steroids (prednisolone)
Bronchodilator- albuterol, terbutaline, theophylline
Nebulization and humidification
Steroid dose for K9 bronchitis
Predisolone: 0.25 - 0.5 mg/ lb q 12 hr then reduce to the lowest effective dose
Pulmonary Hypertension
Chr. bronchitis/ COPD
Heartworm dz
PTE
HW thromboembolism
Left heart dz/ MMVD
Cor Pulmonale (RHF)
What is the main drug perscribed to lower pulmonary pressures?
sildenafil
What causes feline asthma?
Allergies (inhaled, food)
Bacterial
Pulmonary parasites
Heartworms
Inhaled irritants
Dx of feline asthma
Auscultation: expiratory crackles and wheezes
Rads: bronchial pattern, hyperinflation, emphysema bulla, atelectasis
Cytology: inflammatory pattern (neutros, eosins, macros)
Bacterial and mycoplasma cx
HW testing (Ag and Ab tests)
How long should bacterial pneumonia be treated?
Maintain therapy for 2w past clinical and radiographic stabilization (4-6w)
Blastomycosis dx test
Urine Ag (enzyme immunoassay) testing
What are some other types of fungal pneumonias?
Histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis
4 mechanisms of development of pulmonary edema
↓ plasma colloid osmotic pressure
↑ hydrostatic pressure/ vascular overload
↑ vascular permeability
Lymphatic obstruction
↓ plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Hypoalbuminemia: ↓ intake, malassimilation, hepatic failure, urinary or GI loss, cutaneous loss and vasculitis
↑ hydrostatic pressure/ vascular overload
Cardiac dz- LHF, R-L shunts
Fluid overload
Obstruction of pulmonary veins
↑ vascular permeability (acute resp. distress syndrome)
Inhalation trauma, gastric acid aspiration, near-drowning, O2 toxicity and pulm. contusions
Sepsis/ endotoxemia, pancreatitis, uremia, trauma, etc
Etiologies of pneumothorax
Traumatic
Pulmonary dz (rupture of cysts, cavitation and emphysema)
Iatrogenic (thoracocentesis, needle aspirate, bx, etc)
Spontaneous
Parasitic
Tx of pneumothorax
Needle aspiration
Tube thoracostomy with water seal drainage
Management of underlying dz
Transudate (pleural effusion)
USG: <1.013
Protein <2.5
Cell count < 1000
Overhydration and hypoalbuminemia
Modified transudate (pleural effusion)
Protein >2.5
Cell count <5000
Cardiac dz, diaphragmatic hernias, organ strangulation, neoplastic effusions, pericardial effusion
Exudative (pleural effusion)
Protein >5 gm/dl
Cell count >5000
Septic, pyogranulomatous
Other forms of pleural effusion
Chylous/ pseudochylous, hemorrhagic and neoplastic
Chylothorax causes
Rupture of the thoracic duct or intrathoracic lymphatics caused by trauma, congenital, idiopathic, pancreatic, parasitic, CHF
How is triglyceride content associated with chylothorax?
High triglyceride concentration (cholesterol: triglyceride <1)
Will increase with fatty meal
