Upper Resp. Dz Flashcards
(21 cards)
Primary CS of upper respiratory dz
Sneezing
Nasal Discharge
Stertor v stridor
Structural changes/ deformity
Anosmia (smell blindness)
Stertor v stridor
Stertor: rattle, wet low pitch, pugs
Stridor: high pitch
Secondary CS of upper resp. dz
Facial rubbing
Pain
Exophthalmia
CNS (cribiform plate description)
Gagging/ reverse sneezing
Food dropping (oral pain)
Food/ water/ vomit through nose
Stenotic nares
Dogs: Brachys- frenchies, pugs, bulldogs, terriers
Cats: persians, shorthairs, scottish folds
Feline upper resp. dz complex common pathogens
Herpesvirus (Ulcerative keratitis)
Calicivirus (lingual ulceration, limping syndrome)
Clamydophilia felis
Mycoplasma felis
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Other causes of nasal discharge in cats
Virulent systemic feline calicivirus
Coronavirus (Covid-19)
Nasopharyngeal polyps (overgrowth of inflamm tissue)
Most common fungal cause of primary K9 rhinitis
Aspergillosis
CS: sneezing, nasal discharge (mucopurulent, sanguinopurulent, hemorrhagic), depigmentation and ulceration of external nares, pain over bridge of nose
How do you dx aspergillosis
Cytology (bx impressions with fungal hyphae)
Histopath
Fungal cx (4-8w)
Most effective tx of aspergillosis
Topical antifungal solution (clotrimazole, enilconazole, miconazole)
Trephination and infusion
Surgical rhinotomy, curettage
4 main components of brachycephalic syndrome
Stenotic nares
Elongated SP
Everted laryngeal saccules
Hypoplastic trachea
How to tx brachycephalic syndrome
Surgical correction of stenotic nares, elongated SP, and everted saccules
K9 infectious resp. tracheobronchitis/ Kennel cough etiologies
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Parainfluenza virus
CAV 1 and 2
Other: herpesvirus, reovirus, mycoplasma, and canine distemper virus
How to prevent K9 infectious resp. tracheobronchitis/ kennel cough
Vx (CAV-2, parainfluenza), intranasal B. bronchiseptica
CS of laryngeal paralysis
Inspiratory stridor (expiration)
Loss of voice
Tx of laryngeal paralysis
Unilateral tie-back (lateral fixation of one vocal fold)
Complications: CP deficits in hindlimbs, ataxia, hypothyroid
Trilogy of tracheal collapse
Mitral insufficiency
Collapsing trachea/ mainstream bronchi
COPD
With tracheal collapse, when is dyspnea inspiratory or expiratory?
Cervical: inspiratory
Thoracic and bronchi: expiratory
Dx tracheal collapse
Rads (limitations:
Fluoroscopy
Bronchoscopy
Medical management for tracheal collapse
Harness, reduced activity/ excitement
Antitussives +/- sedatives
Abx, oxygen
Bronchodilators if chr. bronchitis
Non-pharmacologic tx for tracheal collapse
Nitinol stents
Complications for nitinol stents
Chr. coughing
Stent dislogment or “shortening”
Damage/ breakdown of stent
Tissue reaction → airway narrowing
Infection or perforation
