Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

G2F > Disorders of the small Bowel and Colon CIS > Flashcards

Disorders of the small Bowel and Colon CIS Flashcards

1
Q

acute diarrhea- most lasts?

A
  • most <4 days

- less than 2 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

persistent diarrhea- lasts?

A

more than 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chronic diarrhea- lasts?

A

> 1 month

-most likely non-infectious- IBD, IBS, chronic pancreatitis, DKA, diverticulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A
  • Guillain Barre
  • bloody diarrhea!
  • chicken, eggs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Giardia lamblia

A
  • pear shaped trophozoite with 2 nuclei and 4 pairs of flagella
  • camping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cytoisospora belli

A
  • protozoan organism that stains positive for acid fast bacilli
  • in HIV pts
  • watery diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Staph aureus

A
  • potato salad
  • rapid onset- 6 hrs
  • self limited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

-fried rice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vibrio cholera

A
  • oysters; poor sanitation

- profuse watery (rice) stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clostridium difficile

A
  • foul smelling
  • after abx
  • complications- colon perforation and toxic megacolon
  • wash hands with soap and water
  • PPI (omeprazole)- risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clostridium difficile- tx

A
  • PO/IV Metronidazole
  • PO vancomycin
  • PO fidaxomicin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antibiotic associated colitis- dx

A
  • TCdA (enterotoxin) and TCdB (Cytotoxin)- check stool for toxin assay!!
  • abx use- ampicillin, clindamycin, 3rd gen cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Salmonella typhimurium

A
  • turtles, eggs

- bloody diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Salmonella typhi

A
  • typhoid fever
  • gram-neg enteric bacillus
  • rose spots; relative bradycardia!!
  • invades mult RES organs, Peyer’s patches
  • high fever
  • travel, poor sanitation
  • carrier site- Gallbladder! most common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Yersinia

A
  • mimics appendicitis
  • bloody diarrhea!
  • Hemochromatosis- risk factor!!- HFE gene mutation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A
  • ham

- watery diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Strongolyoides

A
  • rhabditiform larvae in stool
  • HTLV1- risk factor
  • barefoot in soil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

-swimming pools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • bloody diarrhea
  • flask shaped ulcer
  • liver abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vibrio vulnificus

A
  • coastal salt water
  • bullous skin lesion
  • cirrhotic pt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • deli meat

- pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila

A

-freh water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A
  • dog tapeworm

- liver cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ETEC E coli

A

-travelers’ diarrhea!- most common cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ascaris lumbricoides
-small intestine obstruction
26
Schistosoma mansoni
- liver cysts - esophageal varices - Africa - snails - bladder cancer
27
EHEC
-hemolytic uremic syndrome
28
Vibrio parahemolyticus
- bloody diarrhea | - oysters
29
most common infectious causes of BLOODY diarrhea
- salmonella - shigella - EHEC (0157 H7) - campylobacter - Yersinia enterocolitica
30
most incidental finding of appendix
-carcinoid tumor
31
MEN1
- parathyroidism- constipation - zollinger ellison- gastrin - pituitary adenoma - pancreatic tumors
32
chronic diarrhea- most common causes
- medication adverse effects - IBS - lactose intolerance * none of these have nocturnal diarrhea, weight loss, anemia or +FOBT
33
5-HIAA
-carcinoid
34
breath test
-glucose/lactose- small bowel overgrowth
35
IBS
- idiopathic, >6months, abd pain with altered BMs | - no structural or biochemical abnormalities
36
Rome III criteria for IBS dx
- abd discomfort for 3 days/month for past 3 months, with sx onset >6 months - at least 2/3: - relieved w/ defecation - change in frequency of stool - change in form of stool
37
low FODMAPS diet
- (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols)- fermentable monosaccharides and short-chain carbohydrates - ex- fructose, lactose, fructans, wheat-based products, sorbitol - for IBS pts!!
38
Neuroendocrine
- VIP-oma - medullary thyroid carcinoma (calcitonin) - zollinger-ellison syndrome (gastrin) - carcinoid syndrome (5-HIAA)
39
causes constipation
- inadequate fiber and fluid intake - hypothyroidism - Ca channel blocker use - Ca supplementation
40
Lesar-Trelat sign
- many pigmented lesions | - colon cancer assoc
41
constipation/fecal impaction- dx, tx
- dx- digital rectal exam | - tx- enemas, digital disruption
42
microscopic colitis- causes
- idiopathic- medications can cause it - W>M; 5-6 decade - watery diarrhea - lymphocytic- lymphocytes and plasma cells - collagenous- thickened band of subepit colagen
43
diverticulitis- sx, tx
risk for perforation so dont do scope!!! - ttp in LLQ,fever, FOBT positive, elevated WBC count - tx- start antibiotics; NPO/clear liquid diet - after sx resolution- diagnostic imaging to rule out colonic neoplasms
44
diverticulosis bleed
painless bloody poops
45
diverticular dz of the colon- risk factors, sx, dx, complications
- inc age, CT dz, low fiber diet or chronic constipation (Debated) - sx- asymptomatic - dx- colonoscopy or barium enema - complications- GI bleed, diverticulitis
46
types of polyps
- adenomatous (70%) - serrated- sessile serrated, serrated adenoma - nonneoplastic- juvenile, hamartomas, infl
47
colorectal cancer screening
- FH - if 1st degree relative dx at 60 yo- begin screening at 40!! - begin screening at age 40 or 10 yrs younger than diagnosis of affected relative
48
95% of colon adenocarcinoma- come from?
- adenomas and serrated polyps! - advanced- higher risk of progressing to malignancy- if > 1 cm, high-grade dysplasia - asymptomatic- FOBT positive, iron def anemia
49
ways to detect polyps
- barium enema- poor diagnostic accuracy - CT colonosgraphy- less sensitive at catching < 10 mm - colonoscopy- gold standard!!!
50
Cowden disease
- PTEN mult hamartoma syndrome - hamartomatous polyps and lipomas thruout GI tract! - hair follicle tumors (around lips)- Trichilemmomas - cerebellar lesions - inc rate of malignancy
51
lynch syndrome
-endometrial cancer- transvaginal US
52
FAP- caused by, tx
- 100-1000s of adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinoma - APC gene or MUTYH gene mutation - tx- prophylactic colectomy
53
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
- Hamartomatous polyposis syndrome- AD - mucocutaneous pigmented macules around lips - GI malignancy- 40%
54
Familial juvenile polyposis
- hamartomatous polyposis syndrome- AD - >10 hamartomatous polyps- in colon - inc risk of adenocarcinoma!!
55
Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)
- AD - MMR gene mutation- MLH1, MSH2! - inc risk of CRC, endometrial cancer!!! - rapid polyp transformation to malignant- 1-2 yrs
56
Gardner's syndrome
- adenomatous colon polyps - 95% develop colorectal polyps - osteomas of mandible, skull, long bones - supernumerary teeth, thyroid and adrenal tumors, desmoid tumors - AD
57
Turcot's syndrome
- adenomatous colon polyps - brain tumors - colorectal cancer- 100% at 40 yo - AD
58
Celiac dz- ab's
-IgA tTG -if IgA def- anti-DGP (HLA-DQ2/8)
59
celiac dx- sx
- wgt loss, chronic diarrhea | - dermatitis herpetiformis, iron def anemia, osteoporosis
60
celiac dz- at risk for?
malabsorption! - type 1 DM - osteoporosis- DEXA scan
61
celiac dz- biopsy
- complete loss of intestinal villi - intraepit lymphocytes - plasma cells with hypertrophy of intestinal crypts
62
Whipple disease- dx, sx, tx
- biopsy- PAS + macrophages with gram + bacilli (Tropheryma whipplei) - lose ADEK - fever, LAD, arthralgias, malabsorption - tx- antibiotics
63
Short bowel syndrome- if <200 cm left of jejunum and no colon
-total parental nutrition!!!
64
bacterial overgrowth- sx, caused by? dx?
- malabs of fat soluble vitamins; steatorrhea - PPI, gastric surgery of small bowel, small intestine motility disorders, gastrocolic or coloenteric fistula - dx H breath test - tx- antibiotics
65
TI resection
- bile salts and vit B12 malabs | - give calcium supplementation- inc risk of oxalate kidney stones

G2F (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions