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Therapeutics II > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location(s) of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

A. Proximal Tubule

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2
Q

T/F: CA-I can inhibit both cytoplasmic CA and membrane-bound CA

A

True

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3
Q

CA-I blocks the absorption of what anion?
A. Na
B. K
C. NaHCO3
D. Cl

A

C. NaHCO3

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4
Q

What three locations are important to this molecules function? What is it?

A

CA-I

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a usage for CA-Is?
A. Weak Diuretic
B. Acute Mountain Sickness
C. Metabolic Acidosis
D. Glaucoma

A

C. Metabolic Acidosis
(Metabolic ALKALOSIS)

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6
Q

Toxicities for CA-Is include (hypo/hyper)chloremia and renal potassium (sparing/wasting)

A

(hyper)chloremia and renal potassium (wasting)

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7
Q

What is the location(s) of osmotic diuretics?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb

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8
Q

With osmotic diuretics, there is a higher concentration of solutes in the (blood/lumen)

A

Lumen

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9
Q

What medications are used for osmotic diuretics?

A

IV: Mannitol and Urea
PO: Isosorbide, glucose and glycerine

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10
Q

What is the location(s) of loop diuretics?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

C. Ascending Limb

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11
Q

Which are the most potent class for diuretics?
A. Osmotic
B. Loop Diuretics
C. Thiazides
D. Potassium-Sparing

A

B. Loop Diuretics

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12
Q

Loop diuretics do NOT target which of the following?
A. Na
B. Cl
C. K
D. Mg

A

D. Mg

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13
Q

What three locations are important to this molecules function? What is it?

A

1 position: acidic
4 position: activating group
5 position: sulfamoyl for optimal diuretic activity

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14
Q

What medication can be used as a diuretic for people with sulfa allergies?
A. Ethacrynic Acid
B. Furosemide
C. Bumetanide

A

A. Ethacrynic Acid

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15
Q

Clinical uses for loop diuretics include (hypo/hyper)calcemia and (hypo/hyper)kalemia

A

hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a major toxicity with loop diuretics?
A. Dehydration
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Ototoxicity

A

C. Hypermagnesemia

17
Q

What is the location(s) of Na/Cl Symport Inhibitors?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

Primary: D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
Secondary: A. Proximal Tubule

18
Q

Potential toxicities from thiazides include (hypo/hyper)kalemia and (hyper/hypo)uricemia

A

hypokalemia and hyperuricemia

19
Q

What four drugs are commonly used thiazides?

A

chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and metolazone

20
Q

The post-discharge therapy included a substitution of hydrochlorothiazide with furosemide. Which of the following statements best explains why loop diuretics are far more effective than thiazide diuretics?
A. Loop diuretics increase renin secretion
B. Loop diuretics are also weak inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase
C. More sodium is physiologically reabsorbed at the loop of henle than at the distal convolute tubule
D. The antihypertensive action of thiazides may reduce the GFR

A

C. More sodium is physiologically reabsorbed at the loop of henle than at the distal convolute tubule

21
Q

What is the location(s) of potassium-sparing diuretics?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
And Collecting Duct

22
Q

What are two weak diuretics mentioned?

A

CA-I and potassium-sparing

23
Q

What ion is specifically inhibited in potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Na

24
Q

What are two potassium-sparing diuretics drugs that inhibit the sodium channels?

A

amiloride and triamterene

25
Q

T/F: Potassium-sparing Na-inhibiting diuretics are only used adjunct?

A

T- w/ thiazide or loop

26
Q

What toxicities/contraindications are associated with potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalemia
contraindications: K supplements and ACE inhibitors

27
Q

What is the location(s) of MRA potassium-sparing diuretics?
A. Proximal Tubule
B. Descending Limb
C. Ascending Limb
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
AND collecting duct

28
Q

What medication is associated with MRA potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

spironolactone

29
Q

On top of the common toxicities/contraindication for potassium-sparing diuretics, what is added with MRAs?

A

Gynecomastia, BPH (hormonal disturbances)

30
Q

Vasopression 1 (V1) affects the (kidneys/blood vessels), while V2 affects the (kidneys/blood vessels)

A

(V1) affects the blood vessels by constriction, while V2 affects the kidneys by increased blood volume

31
Q

Vasopressin antagonists (dilutes/concentrates) the urine

A

dilutes the urine

32
Q

What are two vasopressin antagonist medications?

A

Conivaptan and tolvaptan

33
Q

Which diuretics do NOT have a site of action on the lumen?

A

MRA and Vasopressin

34
Q

What is activated for creating the braking system?

A

RAAS and SNS

35
Q
A

Therapeutics II (9 decks)

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