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Therapeutics II > Fluids > Flashcards

Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ideal body weight equation for a male?

A

Male= 50kg + (2.3 x in over 60”)

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2
Q

What is the ideal body weight equation for a female?

A

Female= 45.5kg + (2.3 x in over 60”)

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3
Q

What is the equation for dosing body weight (DBW)?

A

DBW= IBW + 0.4(wt-IBW)

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4
Q

At what percentage of ABW should determine if using DBW?

A

If ABW>130% of IBW, use DBW

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5
Q

Which applies for dosing certain drugs such as antibiotics?
A. IBW
B. DBW
C. NBW
D. ABW

A

B. DBW (Dosing body weight)

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6
Q

What is the equation for NBW?

A

NBW= IBW + 0.25(wt-IBW)

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7
Q

At what percentage of ABW should NBW be used?

A

Use NBW if ABW>130% of IBW

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8
Q

Which applies for calculating fluid, electrolyte, and nutrition (FEN) parameters?
A. IBW
B. DBW
C. NBW
D. ABW

A

C. NBW (Nutrition Body Weight)

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9
Q

Which fluid distribution accounts for 40% of body weight in adults?
A. Intracellular
B. Extracellular
C. Intravascular
D. Transcellular

A

A. Intracellular

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10
Q

Which fluid distribution accounts for 20% of body weight in adults?
A. Intracellular
B. Extracellular
C. Intravascular
D. Transcellular

A

B. Extracellular

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11
Q

Which fluid distribution accounts for 3/4th of body weight in adults?
A. Intracellular
B. Extracellular
C. Intravascular
D. Interstitial

A

D. Interstitial

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12
Q

Which fluid distribution accounts for 1/4th of body weight in adults?
A. Intracellular
B. Extracellular
C. Intravascular
D. Interstitial

A

C. Intravascular

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13
Q

Which of the following are not subject to daily gains/losses in fluid distribution?
A. Intracellular
B. Transcellular
C. Extracellular

A

B. Transcellular

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14
Q

What three organs in the body are responsible for maintaining body temp, cell shape, transport of nutrients, gases and wastes?

A

Skin, lungs and kidneys

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15
Q

The measurable form of fluid loss is (sensible/insensible), which the immeasurable portion is (sensible/insensible)

A

The measurable form of fluid loss is sensible, which the immeasurable portion is insensible.

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16
Q

What are two major forms of sensible fluid loss?

A

Urination and defecation

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17
Q

What are two major forms of insensible fluid loss?

A

Skin and lungs

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18
Q

Which hormone reduces diuresis and increases water retention?
A. ADH
B. RAAS
C. ANP

A

A. ADH

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19
Q

Which hormone regulates renin secretion and sodium/water regulation?
A. ADH
B. RAAS
C. ANP

A

B. RAAS

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20
Q

Which hormone decreases ADH release and counteracts effects of RAAS?
A. ADH
B. RAAS
C. ANP

A

C. ANP

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21
Q

What is the tonicity value of isotonic fluids?

A

275-290 mOsm/L

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22
Q

What is the tonicity value of hypotonic fluids?

A

<275 mOsm/L

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23
Q

(Hypotonic/Hypertonic) fluid is less concentrated than extracellular fluid, therefore fluid moves into the cell increasing cellular volume

A

Hypotonic

24
Q

(Hypotonic/Hypertonic) is more highly concentrated than extracellular fluid, therefore fluid is pulled into bloodstream from cells

A

Hypertonic

25
Q

What is the tonicity value of hypertonic fluids?

A

> 290 mOsm/L

26
Q

Calculate the osmolarity of 1L of 0.45% NaCl (154 mOsm/L) with 20 mEq KCl (2 mOsm/mEq)

A

(0.45% NaCl + KCl)
150 mOsm/L + (2mOsm/mEq /20 mEg/L) = 194 mOsm/L

27
Q

What is the clinical estimate for adults for MIVF over 24hrs?
A. 10-20 mL/kg/day
B. 30-40 mL/kg/day
C. 60-80 mL/kg/day

A

B. 30-40 mL/kg/day

28
Q

KD is a 34 yom admitted today s/p appendectomy
Ht= 70” Wt=91kg
What are his total MIVF needs per day?
At what rate should his fluids run (mL/hr)?
What fluids should be started?

A

What are his total MIVF needs per day?
(30-40 mL/kg) x 91kg= 2730-3640 mL/day
At what rate should his fluids run (mL/hr)?
(2730-3640)/24hrs= (115-150 mL/hr)
Fluids started: 125 mL/hr

29
Q

Which type of fluid has isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic tonicity?
(Crystalloids/Colloids)

A

Crystalloids

30
Q

NS, 1/2 NS, D5W, LR and balances salt solutions are examples of what fluid type? (Crystalloid/Colloid)

A

Crystalloid

31
Q

Albumin (5% or 25%), Hetastarch (Hespan), Tetrastarch (Voluven), Blood and Plaasmanate are examples of what fluid type?
(Crystalloid/Colloid)

A

Colloid

32
Q

(Crystalloids/Colloids) provide water and/or sodium while maintaining the osmotic gradient between intravascular and extravascular compartments

A

Crystalloids

33
Q

Which of the following is used for intravascular fluid replacement with sodium and/or chloride replacement?
A. NS
B. 1/2 NS
C. Lactated Ringer
D. D5W

A

A.

34
Q

Normal Saline (NS) is an example of a (resuscitation/maintenance) fluid

A

Normal Saline (NS) is an example of a resuscitation fluid

35
Q

1/2 Normal Saline (1/2 NS) is an example of a (resuscitation/maintenance) fluid

A

1/2 Normal Saline (1/2 NS) is an example of a maintenance fluid

36
Q

T/F: 1/2 NS is used as a combination product only

A

True

37
Q

Which of the following is used for replacement of blood loss by approximating human plasma?
A. NS
B. 1/2 NS
C. Lactated Ringer
D. D5W

A

C. Lactated Ringer

38
Q

Lactated Ringers (LR) are used as (maintenance/resuscitation) fluids

A

Lactated Ringers (LR) are used as resuscitation fluids

39
Q

Which of the following is used for free water replacement?
A. NS
B. 1/2 NS
C. Lactated Ringer
D. D5W

A

D. D5W

40
Q

Dextrose 5% (D5W) is used as a (maintenance/resuscitative) fluid?

A

Dextrose 5% (D5W) is used as a resuscitative fluid

41
Q

T/F: Dextrose 5% is a MIVF by itself

A

False: D5W is NOT a MIVF by itself

42
Q

Crystalloid solutions contain physiologic levels of what two balanced salt solutions?

A

chloride and buffer solution

43
Q

What are the three major NS complications?

A

Increased mortality, Increased acidosis, Increased renal injury

44
Q

(Crystalloids/Colloids) are used to increase plasma oncotic pressure by moving fluid from the interstitial compartment to the intravascular (plasma) compartment

A

Colloids are used to increase plasma oncotic pressure by moving fluid from the interstitial compartment to the intravascular (plasma) compartment

45
Q

(Crystalloids/Colloids) are plasma expanders that may be used in hemorrhagic shock (lower BP, blood loss)

A

Colloids

46
Q

What are the two adverse effects of albumin?

A

Hypervolemia and Azotemia

47
Q

(Albumin 5%/Albumin 25%) is used for treating paracentesis, while (Albumin 5%/Albumin 25%) is for treating hypovolemia

A

Albumin 25% is used for treating paracentesis, while Albumin 5% is for treating hypovolemia

48
Q

A (low/high) molecular weight and a (low/high) substitution ratio are associated with increased mortality and toxicity

A

A high molecular weight and a high substitution ratio are associated with increased mortality and toxicity

49
Q

What are the three safety concerns with the use of Hespan and Voluven in severe sepsis?

A
  • Increased risk of death at day 90
  • Increased risk of requiring renal replacement therapy
  • Increased association with bleeding
50
Q

How many mL is in 1 Unit of RBCs?
A. 130-250
B. 230-350
C. 330-450

A

B. 230-350

51
Q

What value (in g/dL) is considered low hemoglobin?
A. < 7-8
B. < 9-10
C. < 12-13
D. < 13-14

A

A. < 7-8

52
Q

1 unit of RBCs increases hemoglobin by how many g/dL?

A

1 unit of RBCs increases hemoglobin by 1 g/dL

53
Q

What is the most common MIVF used to increase plasma oncotic pressure and is similar composition to urine?

A

D5W + 1/2 NS + 20 mEg KCl/L

54
Q

What happens to heart rate, blood pressure, urine output, and BUN/SCr ratio in dehydration?

A

HR: Tachycardic (increased)
BP: hypotension (decreased)
Urine output: < 0.5 mL/kg/hr
BUN/SCr: >20

55
Q

Extracellular fluid is higher in (Na/K), while intracellular fluid is higher in (Na/K)

A

Extracellular fluid is higher in Na, while intracellular fluid is higher in K

56
Q
A

Therapeutics II (9 decks)

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