Diversity Labs (for Exam 3)

Question 1

multicellular structure in which sperm are produced by mitosis

Answer 1

Antheridium

Question 2

multicellular structure in which eggs are produced by mitosis

Answer 2

Archegonium

Question 3

specialized sporangial structure of a moss sporophyte in which spores are produced (via meiosis)

Answer 3

Capsule

Question 4

having 2 sets of chromosomes per cell

Answer 4

Diploid (2N)

Question 5

formation of a zygote through the fusion of two gametes (sperm and egg); essential for sexual reproduction and alternation of generations

Answer 5

Fertilization

Question 6

gamete-producing phase of the life cycle

Answer 6

Gametophyte

Question 7

having one set of chromosomes per cell

Answer 7

Haploid

Question 8

process of cell division in which a single diploid cell produces 4 haploid cells; essential for sexual reproduction and alternation of generations.

Answer 8

Meiosis

Question 9

process of cell division which produces two cells identical to the parent cell; essential to vegetative reproduction and growth.

Answer 9

Mitosis

Question 10

short, threadlike growth from a moss spore which develops into a new gametophyte

Answer 10

Protonema

Question 11

mature gametophyte of a fern

Answer 11

Prothallus

Question 12

slender root-like structure that functions in anchorage and absorption

Answer 12

Rhizoid

Question 13

horizontal stem of a fern sporophyte

Answer 13

Rhizome

Question 14

structure in which spores are produced (via meiosis)

Answer 14

Sporangium

Question 15

haploid cells capable of developing into a new gametophyte plant body without uniting with any other cell; begins the gametophyte generation.

Answer 15

Spore

Question 16

spore-producing phase of the life cycle

Answer 16

Sporophyte

Question 17

a cluster of sporangia on a fern frond

Answer 17

Sorus

Question 18

tight cone-like cluster of sporangial leaves

Answer 18

Strobilus

Question 19

diploid cell produced when fertilization takes place; begins the sporophyte generation.

Answer 19

Zygote

Question 20

alteration between a haploid gametophyte phase and a diploid sporophyte phase in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms

Answer 20

Alteration of Generations

Question 21

Domain Bacteria

Answer 21

Kingdom Bacteria 
Eubacteria
Class Cyanobacteriae (cyanobacteria or blue-green algae

Question 22

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Fungi

Answer 22

Phylum Zygomycota (coenocytic fungi)
Phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi)
Phylum Basidiomycota (club fungi)
Phylum Deuteromycota (imperfect fungi)

Question 23

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Protista

Answer 23

Phylum Myxomycota (plasmidal slime molds)
Phylum Oomycota (water molds)
Phylum Chlorophyta (unicellular and non-thalloid green algae)
      Class Ulvophyceae (Ulva seaweed-thalloid green algae)
Phylum Euglenophyta (euglenoids)
Phylum Dinophyta (dinoflagellates)
Phylum Chromophyta (yellow-green and golden-brown algae)
       Class Bacillariophyceae (diatoms)
       Class Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae)
       Class Chrysophyceae (golden-brown algae)
       Class Phaeophyceae (brown algae)
Phylum Rhodophyta (red algae)

Question 24

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae

Answer 24

Phylum Hepaticophyta (Liverworts)
Phylum Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
Phylum Bryophyta (mosses)
Phylum Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
Phylum Lycophyta (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts)
Phylum Equisetophyta (horsetails)
Phylum Polypodiophyta (ferns)

Question 25

Domain Eukarya | Kingdom Plantae

Answer 25

``` Phylum Pinophyta (conifers) Phylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo) Phylum Cycadophyta (cycads) Phylum Gnetophyta (Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia) Phylum Magnoliophyta (angiosperms) Class Magnoliopsida (dicots) Class Liliopsida (monocots) ```

Question 26

All the true fungi are _____________ ____________, which means what?

Answer 26

Lysotrophic heterotrophs: They are heterotrophs because they lack chlorophyll and cannot make their own food. They are lysotrophs because they secrete enzymes that decompose organic matter to smaller parts, which they then absorb.

Question 27

What are saprophytes?

Answer 27

Fungi that get food from dead organic matter.

Question 28

What are parasites?

Answer 28

Fungi that obtain food from living organisms.

Question 29

A single thread on fungi is called what?

Answer 29

hyphae

Question 30

Masses of these single threads are called what?

Answer 30

mycelium

Question 31

Fungi are widely distributed by _____________ that are easily dispersed by ____________ and ____________.

Answer 31

spores wind water

Question 32

What do we call fungi because of their recycling process on Earth?

Answer 32

decomposers

Question 33

Certain mushrooms, puffballs, etc. form unique relationships with plant roots. What is this called?

Answer 33

mycorrhizae (fungus root)

Question 34

What are lichens?

Answer 34

A mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae that form a unique organism.

Question 35

What are Myxomycota (slime molds) phagotrophic heterotrophs?

Answer 35

Because they engulf their food particles whole.

Question 36

What characteristics do Algae have and what don't they have (compared to plants)?

Answer 36

Have: chlorophyll and photosynthetic pigments | Don't have: complex root, stem and leaf structures

Question 37

What is an algal bloom?

Answer 37

When substances that can be used as nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate compounds are added in large amounts to water containing algae, the algal population usually increases rapidly.

Question 38

What is the difference between unicells, filaments and collonies?

Answer 38

Unicells are single, individual consisting of one cell. Filaments are an individual that consists of multiple cells connected end to end to form strings or columns. Colonies are individuals consisting of multiple cells joined in flat sheets or rounded clusters.

Question 39

Seed-Free Plants | Kingdom Plantae

Answer 39

``` Phylum Hepaticophyta (Liverworts) Phylum Anthocerophyta (Hornworts) Phylum Bryophyta (mosses) Phylum Psilotophyta (whisk ferns) Phylum Lycophyta (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts) Phylum Equisetophyta (horsetails) Phylum Polypodiophyta (ferns) ```

Question 40

Which Seed-Free plants do not have vascular tissue?

Answer 40

Liverworts, Hornworts, and mosses

Question 41

How do plants with no vascular tissue transport water and nutrients?

Answer 41

Cell to cell movement within a thin, non-vascular plant body called a thallus.

Question 42

The mature sporophyte plant produces __________ spores by (mitosis or meiosis) in a _____________.

Answer 42

haploid meiosis sporangium

Question 43

What makes whisk ferns different from the others?

Answer 43

They do not have true roots or leaves.

Question 44

How do whisk ferns get their water and nutrients?

Answer 44

Mycorrhizae fungi

Question 45

What are strobili?

Answer 45

Sporangial leaves in tight terminal clusters where spores are produced. (Lycophyta)

Question 46

Describe the genus Equisetum

Answer 46

- Contains silica in the walls of the epidermal cells - Have true roots (mostly rhizome) - Leaves are scale-like structures in whorls - Spore production occurs in cone-like strobili

Question 47

Describe the general structure of mosses.

Answer 47

- Has an epidermis, a few layers of cells to make up its (thallus) body, and slender root-like rhyzoids. - Lacks vascular tissue - Water is necessary for reproduction