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Plant Bio > Diversity Labs (for Exam 3) > Flashcards

Diversity Labs (for Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

multicellular structure in which sperm are produced by mitosis

A

Antheridium

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2
Q

multicellular structure in which eggs are produced by mitosis

A

Archegonium

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3
Q

specialized sporangial structure of a moss sporophyte in which spores are produced (via meiosis)

A

Capsule

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4
Q

having 2 sets of chromosomes per cell

A

Diploid (2N)

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5
Q

formation of a zygote through the fusion of two gametes (sperm and egg); essential for sexual reproduction and alternation of generations

A

Fertilization

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6
Q

gamete-producing phase of the life cycle

A

Gametophyte

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7
Q

having one set of chromosomes per cell

A

Haploid

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8
Q

process of cell division in which a single diploid cell produces 4 haploid cells; essential for sexual reproduction and alternation of generations.

A

Meiosis

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9
Q

process of cell division which produces two cells identical to the parent cell; essential to vegetative reproduction and growth.

A

Mitosis

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10
Q

short, threadlike growth from a moss spore which develops into a new gametophyte

A

Protonema

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11
Q

mature gametophyte of a fern

A

Prothallus

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12
Q

slender root-like structure that functions in anchorage and absorption

A

Rhizoid

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13
Q

horizontal stem of a fern sporophyte

A

Rhizome

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14
Q

structure in which spores are produced (via meiosis)

A

Sporangium

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15
Q

haploid cells capable of developing into a new gametophyte plant body without uniting with any other cell; begins the gametophyte generation.

A

Spore

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16
Q

spore-producing phase of the life cycle

A

Sporophyte

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17
Q

a cluster of sporangia on a fern frond

A

Sorus

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18
Q

tight cone-like cluster of sporangial leaves

A

Strobilus

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19
Q

diploid cell produced when fertilization takes place; begins the sporophyte generation.

A

Zygote

20
Q

alteration between a haploid gametophyte phase and a diploid sporophyte phase in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms

A

Alteration of Generations

21
Q

Domain Bacteria

A 
Kingdom Bacteria 
Eubacteria
Class Cyanobacteriae (cyanobacteria or blue-green algae
22
Q

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Fungi

A 
Phylum Zygomycota (coenocytic fungi)
Phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi)
Phylum Basidiomycota (club fungi)
Phylum Deuteromycota (imperfect fungi)
23
Q

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Protista

A 
Phylum Myxomycota (plasmidal slime molds)
Phylum Oomycota (water molds)
Phylum Chlorophyta (unicellular and non-thalloid green algae)
      Class Ulvophyceae (Ulva seaweed-thalloid green algae)
Phylum Euglenophyta (euglenoids)
Phylum Dinophyta (dinoflagellates)
Phylum Chromophyta (yellow-green and golden-brown algae)
       Class Bacillariophyceae (diatoms)
       Class Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae)
       Class Chrysophyceae (golden-brown algae)
       Class Phaeophyceae (brown algae)
Phylum Rhodophyta (red algae)
24
Q

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae

A 
Phylum Hepaticophyta (Liverworts)
Phylum Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
Phylum Bryophyta (mosses)
Phylum Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
Phylum Lycophyta (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts)
Phylum Equisetophyta (horsetails)
Phylum Polypodiophyta (ferns)
25
Q

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae

A 
Phylum Pinophyta (conifers)
Phylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)
Phylum Cycadophyta (cycads)
Phylum Gnetophyta (Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia)
Phylum Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
         Class Magnoliopsida (dicots)
         Class Liliopsida (monocots)
26
Q

All the true fungi are _____________ ____________, which means what?

A

Lysotrophic heterotrophs: They are heterotrophs because they lack chlorophyll and cannot make their own food. They are lysotrophs because they secrete enzymes that decompose organic matter to smaller parts, which they then absorb.

27
Q

What are saprophytes?

A

Fungi that get food from dead organic matter.

28
Q

What are parasites?

A

Fungi that obtain food from living organisms.

29
Q

A single thread on fungi is called what?

A

hyphae

30
Q

Masses of these single threads are called what?

A

mycelium

31
Q

Fungi are widely distributed by _____________ that are easily dispersed by ____________ and ____________.

A

spores
wind
water

32
Q

What do we call fungi because of their recycling process on Earth?

A

decomposers

33
Q

Certain mushrooms, puffballs, etc. form unique relationships with plant roots. What is this called?

A

mycorrhizae (fungus root)

34
Q

What are lichens?

A

A mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae that form a unique organism.

35
Q

What are Myxomycota (slime molds) phagotrophic heterotrophs?

A

Because they engulf their food particles whole.

36
Q

What characteristics do Algae have and what don’t they have (compared to plants)?

A

Have: chlorophyll and photosynthetic pigments

Don’t have: complex root, stem and leaf structures

37
Q

What is an algal bloom?

A

When substances that can be used as nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate compounds are added in large amounts to water containing algae, the algal population usually increases rapidly.

38
Q

What is the difference between unicells, filaments and collonies?

A

Unicells are single, individual consisting of one cell.
Filaments are an individual that consists of multiple cells connected end to end to form strings or columns.
Colonies are individuals consisting of multiple cells joined in flat sheets or rounded clusters.

39
Q

Seed-Free Plants

Kingdom Plantae

A 
Phylum Hepaticophyta  (Liverworts)
Phylum Anthocerophyta  (Hornworts)
Phylum Bryophyta (mosses)
Phylum Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
Phylum Lycophyta (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts)
Phylum Equisetophyta (horsetails)
Phylum Polypodiophyta (ferns)
40
Q

Which Seed-Free plants do not have vascular tissue?

A

Liverworts, Hornworts, and mosses

41
Q

How do plants with no vascular tissue transport water and nutrients?

A

Cell to cell movement within a thin, non-vascular plant body called a thallus.

42
Q

The mature sporophyte plant produces __________ spores by (mitosis or meiosis) in a _____________.

A

haploid
meiosis
sporangium

43
Q

What makes whisk ferns different from the others?

A

They do not have true roots or leaves.

44
Q

How do whisk ferns get their water and nutrients?

A

Mycorrhizae fungi

45
Q

What are strobili?

A

Sporangial leaves in tight terminal clusters where spores are produced. (Lycophyta)

46
Q

Describe the genus Equisetum

A
  • Contains silica in the walls of the epidermal cells
  • Have true roots (mostly rhizome)
  • Leaves are scale-like structures in whorls
  • Spore production occurs in cone-like strobili
47
Q

Describe the general structure of mosses.

A
  • Has an epidermis, a few layers of cells to make up its (thallus) body, and slender root-like rhyzoids.
  • Lacks vascular tissue
  • Water is necessary for reproduction

Plant Bio (5 decks)

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