Diverticular disease and diverticulitis Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is diverticulosis?
The presence of diverticula (small, sac-like pouches that protrude from the wall of the digestive tract) in the colon WITHOUT symptoms; an asymptomatic condition.
In which part of the colon are diverticula most commonly found?
The sigmoid (end) colon.
What can be considered if constipation is present in diverticulosis?
Bulk-forming laxatives.
How is diverticular disease different from diverticulosis?
Diverticular disease involves symptomatic diverticula (e.g., pain, bloating), whereas diverticulosis is asymptomatic.
Name 3 conditions that can mimic diverticular disease.
IBS, IBD (Crohn’s/UC), colorectal cancer, microscopic/ischaemic colitis.
What kind of diet is recommended in diverticular disease if tolerated?
High-fibre diet.
Which pain relief options are suitable for diverticular disease?
Paracetamol and antispasmodics (for cramps).
Which medications should be avoided due to risk of perforation?
NSAIDs and opioid analgesics.
Are antibiotics recommended in diverticular disease?
No, they are not routinely recommended.
What is acute diverticulitis?
Inflammation or infection of diverticula causing severe lower abdominal pain and systemic symptoms.
What are key symptoms of acute diverticulitis?
Constant, severe lower abdominal pain, fever, change in bowel habit, rectal bleeding, possible palpable mass.
What distinguishes complicated from uncomplicated diverticulitis?
Complicated diverticulitis involves abscess, perforation, fistula, obstruction, or sepsis.
How is uncomplicated diverticulitis managed if the patient is systemically well?
Paracetamol for pain, watchful waiting, and no immediate antibiotics.
When should antibiotics be considered in acute diverticulitis?
If the patient is systemically unwell but doesn’t require hospital referral.
First-line oral antibiotic regimen for acute diverticulitis?
Co-amoxiclav 500/125 mg TDS for 5 days.
What antibiotics are used if the patient is allergic to penicillin?
Cefalexin + metronidazole
OR trimethoprim + metronidazole
When should urgent hospital referral be made?
Suspected complications (e.g. abscess, perforation), uncontrolled pain, or significant rectal bleeding.
