Obesity Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are some common health risks associated with overweight and obesity?
Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidaemia, NAFLD, gallstones, some cancers, reproductive and respiratory problems, musculoskeletal issues, GORD, and mental health conditions.
What two main tools are used to assess overweight and obesity?
Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Height Ratio.
What is considered a healthy Waist-to-Height Ratio?
0.4–0.49.
What Waist-to-Height Ratios indicate increased and high central adiposity?
Increased: 0.5–0.59, High: ≥0.6.
What BMI range defines overweight for white ethnic groups?
25–29.9 kg/m².
What BMI defines overweight in South Asian, Black African, or Chinese backgrounds?
23–27.4 kg/m².
What should be assessed during the initial evaluation of an overweight or obese person?
Underlying causes, medications causing weight gain, and comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnoea.
What is the mechanism of action of Orlistat?
Inhibits GI lipases, reducing fat absorption by ~30%.
When should Orlistat treatment be stopped?
If <5% weight loss after 12 weeks.
How is Liraglutide administered?
Daily subcutaneous injection.
Who is eligible for Liraglutide (Saxenda)?
Adults with BMI ≥35 kg/m² with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and high CVD risk.
What is the main difference between Semaglutide and Liraglutide?
Semaglutide is administered weekly; Liraglutide is daily.
What is Semaglutide (Wegovy) used for?
Adults with BMI ≥35 kg/m² and at least one comorbidity, or BMI 30–34.9 with specialist referral.
What is the mechanism of Naltrexone/Bupropion (Mysimba)?
Opioid antagonist + dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; reduces appetite and cravings.
What is Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®) indicated for?
Adults with BMI ≥35 kg/m² and at least one comorbidity; assess continuation at 6 months if <5% weight loss.
What is the mechanism of action of Orlistat?
Inhibits gastrointestinal and pancreatic lipases, preventing ~30% of dietary fat absorption.
What is the adult dose of Orlistat?
120 mg three times daily with meals containing fat.
When should Orlistat be discontinued?
If weight loss of at least 5% is not achieved after 12 weeks of treatment.
What are key side effects of Orlistat?
Oily stools, flatulence, faecal urgency, steatorrhoea (fatty stools). (Advise low-fat diet to reduce effects.)
What vitamins may be deficient with long-term Orlistat use?
Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Consider supplementation if used long term.
What class of drug is Liraglutide (Saxenda)?
GLP-1 receptor agonist (glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue).
How is Liraglutide administered?
Once daily subcutaneous injection, dose titrated from 0.6 mg up to 3.0 mg.
Who can be prescribed Liraglutide (Saxenda) for weight loss?
Adults with BMI ≥35 kg/m², non-diabetic hyperglycaemia, and high cardiovascular risk, under specialist supervision.
What are common side effects of Liraglutide?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, hypoglycaemia (esp. with diabetes), pancreatitis (rare but serious).
