DLA Airflow/airways acronyms/definitions

Question 1

EPP

Answer 1

equal pressure point= when pressure inside the airway is equal to pressure outside

Question 2

PTM

Answer 2

transmural pressure gradient

Question 3

PTA

Answer 3

TAP trans airway pressure gradient

Question 4

PTP

Answer 4

transpulmonary pressure gradient

Question 5

PIP

Answer 5

intrapleural pressure

Question 6

PA

Answer 6

alveolar pressure

Question 7

TLC

Answer 7

total lung capacity

Question 8

PEF

Answer 8

peak expiratory flow

Question 9

FEV1

Answer 9

forced expiratory flow in 1 second

Question 10

RV

Answer 10

where you can’t exhale anymore difference residual volume

Question 11

what does the effort dependent portion of the graph depend on?

Answer 11

velocity and force of contraction

elastic recoil of lung and airway patency

Question 12

what is the effort independent portion due to?

Answer 12

elastic recoil lung
airway resistance (EPP=equal pressure point) dynamic compression and airway resistance with lung volume

Question 13

what occurs to resistance and flow in dynamic compression?

Answer 13

flow is limited and resistance is increased as interpleural pressure increases

= results in effort independence of the flow-volume loop

Question 14

pleura presser is _____ during forced expiration

Answer 14

positive

Question 15

as lung volume declines, resistance_____ due to decrease in structural support at low lung volumes

Answer 15

increases

Question 16

emphysema and COPD are characterized by _____lung compliance and _____elasticity

Answer 16

high and low
also sucky recoil.. alveoli pressure was supposed to be +10 but it is +2
the airway pressure found here is lower than its supposed (32 instead of 40 at strong expiration) to be and inter pleural pressure is 30.

Question 17

In what direction does the flow volume loop shift if there is obstruction?

Answer 17

left

Question 18

In was direction does restriction shift the flow volume loop?

Answer 18

shifts it right

Question 19

there is _______ airway resistance and _______ airway generation as you go down a lung from segmental bronchi to terminal bronchioles

Answer 19

decreased and more

Question 20

As volume ______ resistance _______

Answer 20

increases, decreases

Question 21

at terminal bronchioles airflow is _______. at the trachea airflow is _______.
Transitional flow_____.
In laminar conditions airflow is proportional to ______
in turbulent flow airflow is proportional to _______.

Answer 21

laminar, turbulent, both, change in pressure, square root of change in pressure

this is from
flow= change in pressure / resistance

Question 22

How does CO go through pulmonary circulation?

Answer 22

in series

Question 23

what is the mean pressure of pulmonary artery in pulmonary circulation?
left atrium?
driving pressure?

Answer 23

15 mmHg
8 mmHg

15-8=7

Question 24

what is the difference between a pulmonary capillary bed and systemic capillary network in terms of resistance and area?

Answer 24

pulmonary capillary bed has larger cross sectional area which means less resistance.

on the contrary in systemic circulation the capillary network has smaller cross sectional area so more resistance

Question 25

``` In alveolar vessels Increased lung volume during end max inspiration has ____ air pressure on BV ____ radius, alveolar vessels compressed ____ resistance ____ flow ```

Answer 25

increased decreased increased decreased they depend on air pressure directly

Question 26

``` In Extra alveolar vessels Increased lung volume end max inspiration has Pleural pressure ____ negative ____ radius ____ resistance ____ flow ```

Answer 26

more increased decreased increased depend on intrapleural space pressure

Question 27

``` In alveolar vessels decreased lung volume end max expiration has ____ air pressure on BV ____ radius, alveolar vessels open ____ resistance ____ flow ```

Answer 27

decreased increased decreased increased

Question 28

``` In Extra alveolar vessels decreased lung volume end max expiration has pleural pressure ______ negative ____ radius ____ resistance ____ flow ```

Answer 28

less decreased more decreased

Question 29

how do you increase pulmonary vascular resistance?

Answer 29

increasing arterial pressures from low levels recruitment= using already available cross sectional area, some capillary networks have no blood flow in the lungs this increases cardiac output Distention= vasodilation can open new cross sectional area to further augment total cross sectional area