DLM

Question 1

Bone cortex

Answer 1

Outer layer of compact bone- denser and white on x-ray

Question 2

Bone medulla

Answer 2

Marrow cavity in shaft of long bone. Paler on x-ray than cortex

Question 3

Epiphysial plate

Answer 3

Hyaline cartilage plate in metaphysis at each end of long bone

Question 4

Bone texture

Answer 4

Trabecular arrangement of alveolar bone in relation to marrow spaces

Question 5

Periosteum

Answer 5

Fibrous membrane covering surface of bones, does not cover articular surfaces

Question 6

Joint spaces

Answer 6

Sac-like fibrous tissue that envelops a synovial joint

Question 7

Open fracture

Answer 7

Broken bone punctures skin- compound fracture

Question 8

Closed fracture

Answer 8

Bone does not puncture skin

Question 9

Occult fracture

Answer 9

Subtle fractures hard to distinguish- imperfections on trabecular lawn

Question 10

Comminuted

Answer 10

Fracture in multiple pieces, 3+ fragments

Question 11

Simple fracture

Answer 11

1 break, no fragments, displacement

Question 12

Pathologic fracture

Answer 12

Result of preceding pathology. Break due to low trauma

Question 13

Angulation

Answer 13

Displacement where bone is angled away from original position.

Question 14

Rotation

Answer 14

Displacement where fractured bone rotates from original position- internal or external rotation

Question 15

Displacement

Answer 15

Loss of alignment due to fracture

Question 16

Stress fracture

Answer 16

Hard to distinguish on x-ray. Thickening or smudging. Due to repetitive use.

Question 17

Subluxation

Answer 17

incomplete dislocation

Question 18

Dislocation

Answer 18

Joint becomes not a joint

Question 19

Avulsion

Answer 19

Fracture that results in ligament or tendon pulling off bone where attached

Question 20

New fracture

Answer 20

Well defined sharp edges on x-ray

Question 21

Older fracture

Answer 21

subtle, brighter white due to thickening

Question 22

Transverse

Answer 22

straight across

Question 23

Oblique

Answer 23

break at an angle

Question 24

Spiral

Answer 24

multiple break in spiral pattern- torsional trauma

Question 25

Greenstick fracture

Answer 25

splintering of bone n opposite side or trauma

Question 26

Torus

Answer 26

Incomplete fracture of long bone- appears as bulging on x-ray

Question 27

Fat pad sign

Answer 27

Displacement of fat surrounding joint- indicative of fluid displacing it, often blood

Question 28

Ottawa knee rules

Answer 28

X-ray required in patients with acute injury for: 55+ Tenderness at fibular head Isolated patellar tenderness Inability to flex 90 Inability to bear weight immediately and in ED (4 steps)

Question 29

Ottawa Ankle & foot Rules

Answer 29

X-ray only if pain in malleolar zone and: - bone tenderness along distal 6cm of posterior edge of tibia or medial malleolus - bone tenderness along distal 6cm of posterior edge of fibula or tip of lateral malleolus - Inability to bear weight immediately and in ED

Question 30

Non-agressive tumor x-ray

Answer 30

Well defined borders, thick, dense, wavy

Question 31

Agressive tumor x-ray

Answer 31

fuzzy borders, amorphous, periosteal reaction, soft tissue involvement