DM drugs Flashcards
(23 cards)
rapid acting insulins
insulin lispro, aspart, glulisine
intermediate insulin
NPH insulin
long acting insulin
insulin glargine and detemir
long acting insulin MOA
pH 4 in solution; when injected, the solution is neutralized, causing precipitation, this results in a slower release
octreotide
somatostatin analog; inhibits release of insulin and glucagon from pancreas; also inhibits GH
sulfonylureas
glyburide, glipazide, glimeprirde
sulfonylureas MOA
stimulate the release of endogenous insulin by promoting closure of potassium channels in the beta cells
sulfonylureas toxicity
precipitation of hypoglycemia and weight gain
repaglinide and nateglinide moa
enhance insulin secretion
meglitinides toxicity
hypoglycemia and weight gain
metformin moa
inhibition of hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis via activation of AMP kinase; stimulation of glucose uptake and glycolysis; decreased glucose absorption; decreased glucagon levels; enhanced insulin sensitivity
metformin toxicity
GI distress and lactic acidosis
thiazolidinediones
pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
thiazolidinediones moa
bind to the PPAR-gamma and increase glucose transport into muscles and adipose
thiaxolidinediones toxicity
rosiglitazone: BBW for increased risk of MI
pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: fluid retention that presents as anemia and increases the risk of CHF; female patients have increased bone fractures; CYP3A4 induction=interactions
acarbose and miglitol
inhibition of alpha-glucosidase results in a decreased absorption of disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and complex starches, reducing post-prandial glucose rise
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors toxicity
flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain
pramlintide moa
amylin analog; aids in glucose absorption and promotes satiety via hypothalamic receptors; inhibits inappropriate secretion of glucagon; results in weight reduction
exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide moa
GLP-1 receptor agonists (more potent); increases insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis; slows gastric emptying and decreases appetite
DPP-4 inhibitors (drugs and effects)
sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin; block DPP-4 which inactivates incretin hormones
cinagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor; blocks renal glucose reabsorption
colesevelam hydrochloride
bile acid sequestrant
diazoxide moa
inhibits insulin secretion but not synthesis; used for insulinomas
