DM drugs

Question 1

rapid acting insulins

Answer 1

insulin lispro, aspart, glulisine

Question 2

intermediate insulin

Answer 2

NPH insulin

Question 3

long acting insulin

Answer 3

insulin glargine and detemir

Question 4

long acting insulin MOA

Answer 4

pH 4 in solution; when injected, the solution is neutralized, causing precipitation, this results in a slower release

Question 5

octreotide

Answer 5

somatostatin analog; inhibits release of insulin and glucagon from pancreas; also inhibits GH

Question 6

sulfonylureas

Answer 6

glyburide, glipazide, glimeprirde

Question 7

sulfonylureas MOA

Answer 7

stimulate the release of endogenous insulin by promoting closure of potassium channels in the beta cells

Question 8

sulfonylureas toxicity

Answer 8

precipitation of hypoglycemia and weight gain

Question 9

repaglinide and nateglinide moa

Answer 9

enhance insulin secretion

Question 10

meglitinides toxicity

Answer 10

hypoglycemia and weight gain

Question 11

metformin moa

Answer 11

inhibition of hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis via activation of AMP kinase; stimulation of glucose uptake and glycolysis; decreased glucose absorption; decreased glucagon levels; enhanced insulin sensitivity

Question 12

metformin toxicity

Answer 12

GI distress and lactic acidosis

Question 13

thiazolidinediones

Answer 13

pioglitazone, rosiglitazone

Question 14

thiazolidinediones moa

Answer 14

bind to the PPAR-gamma and increase glucose transport into muscles and adipose

Question 15

thiaxolidinediones toxicity

Answer 15

rosiglitazone: BBW for increased risk of MI
pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: fluid retention that presents as anemia and increases the risk of CHF; female patients have increased bone fractures; CYP3A4 induction=interactions

Question 16

acarbose and miglitol

Answer 16

inhibition of alpha-glucosidase results in a decreased absorption of disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and complex starches, reducing post-prandial glucose rise

Question 17

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors toxicity

Answer 17

flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain

Question 18

pramlintide moa

Answer 18

amylin analog; aids in glucose absorption and promotes satiety via hypothalamic receptors; inhibits inappropriate secretion of glucagon; results in weight reduction

Question 19

exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide moa

Answer 19

GLP-1 receptor agonists (more potent); increases insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis; slows gastric emptying and decreases appetite

Question 20

DPP-4 inhibitors (drugs and effects)

Answer 20

sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin; block DPP-4 which inactivates incretin hormones

Question 21

cinagliflozin

Answer 21

SGLT2 inhibitor; blocks renal glucose reabsorption

Question 22

colesevelam hydrochloride

Answer 22

bile acid sequestrant

Question 23

diazoxide moa

Answer 23

inhibits insulin secretion but not synthesis; used for insulinomas