Random Pathology factoids Flashcards
(29 cards)
Subacute Lymphocytic thyroiditis antibody
anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies
causes exophthalmos in graves
glycosaminoglycan deposition in periorbital fat
most common cause of thyroid pain
granulomatous thyroiditis
thyroid papillary carcinoma mutations
RET or BRAF gain of Function mutations
thyroid follicular carcinoma mutations
RAS and PI-3K/AKT activating mutations
medullary thyroid carcinoma mutations
RET mutations
defect in MEN-2 syndrome
germline RET mutations
mutations in GH secreting (somatotroph) pituitary adenomas
GNAS mutations leading to constitutive activation of alpha subunit of the Gs protein
syndrome associated with prolactinomas
MEN-1 syndrome
mutations in craniopharyngioma
abnormalities of the WNT signaling pathway; activating mutations of the gene encoding B-catenin
resistin
peptide hormone that renders cells resistant to insulin, present at high levels in diabetes; inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis and oxidative burst via PI3K pathways
most common infection types in diabetes
skin, feet, lungs, urinary tract
pathogens most commonly causing infections in diabetics
staph aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida, zygomycetes
pathogen causing malignant external otitis
pseudomonas aeruginosa
pathogen causing rhinocerebral infection
zygomycosis
components of metabolic syndrome
diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity
cytokines of metabolic syndrome
IL-6, CRP, and PAI
most common CODs in diabetes
CVD, ESRD, infection
MEN-1 syndrome
germline mutation in MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, which encodes menin, which normally blocks activation of JunD
MEN-2A syndrome
germline gain of function mutations in RET proto-oncogene
MEN-2B syndrome
germline activating mutation in RET proto-oncogene (single aa mutation)
Mutations in pancreatic neuroendocrine rumors
MEN1
PTEN & TSC2 - mTOR activation
ATRX and DAXX - telomere maintenance
Gastrinoma triad
Diarrhea, peptic ulcers and abdominal pain
Causes necrolytic migratory erythema
Glucagonoma
