Dna🥓

Question 1

components of a nucleotide

Answer 1

phosphate, pentose sugar (connected with ester bond) nitrogenous base (connected with ester bond)

Question 2

DNA vs RNA strandes

Answer 2

dna is 2, rna is 1

Question 3

DNA vs RNA sugar

Answer 3

dna is dioxyrobose, rna is ribose

Question 4

DNA vs RNA bases

Answer 4

dna is A T G C , rna is A U C G

Question 5

DNA vs RNA subunits

Answer 5

dna is dna nucleotide, rna is rna nucleotide

Question 6

which (rna / dna) can leave nucleus

Answer 6

rna

Question 7

what is dna

Answer 7

more stable double strand that stores genetic blueprint for cells

Question 8

what id rna

Answer 8

single stranded that transfers the genetic information for decoding

Question 9

pyrimidines

Answer 9

1 nitrogen containing ring - cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 10

purines

Answer 10

2 nitrogen containing rings - guanine, adenine

Question 11

polynucleotide formation

Answer 11

condensation reaction between 5 phosphate, and 3 hydroxyl group n the sugar of another that join two togheter - phosphodiester linkage is formed

Question 12

how is double helix formed

Answer 12

two anti parrel chains of nucleotides linked by hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs

Question 13

complementary base pairs

Answer 13

purine always with pyramide

Question 14

role of rna molecules

Answer 14

transfer the genetic information from dna to the proteins that make up the enzymes and tissue of body

Question 15

what happens to rna when finished with

Answer 15

degraded in cytoplasm

Question 16

semi conservative dna replication

Answer 16

the two strands of dna double helix separates and each strand acts as a template for the creation of a new double stranded dna molecule

Question 17

helicase

Answer 17

enzyme - which separates (unzips and unwinds) strands breaking the hydrogen bonds each strand can act as a template

Question 18

primer

Answer 18

marks position where dna replication is starting

Question 19

DNA polymerase

Answer 19

joins dna nucleotides togheter from 5 to 3 end only

Question 20

leading strand

Answer 20

made continuously because nucleotides can be added one by one from 5 to 3

Question 21

lagging strand

Answer 21

cannot be made continuously because of 3 to 5 direction, so made in fragments

Question 22

DNA ligase

Answer 22

joins strands togheter (forms h bonds) and two double stranded molecules formed

Question 23

what is mutation

Answer 23

replication errors that occur randomly and spontaneously

Question 24

dna extraction - washing up liquid

Answer 24

breaks open cell and nuclear membrane

Question 25

dna extraction - salt

Answer 25

dna negatively charged so arrtactes positive sodium ions, which neutralises dna so it can stick togheter

Question 26

how atp releases energy

Answer 26

weak bond in last phosphate, so broken easily and it releases large amounts of energy

Question 27

what is transcription

Answer 27

process of coping dna base sequence to produce smaller molecules of mRNA which can be transported out of nucleus

Question 28

what is translation

Answer 28

complementary code carried by mRNA is decoded by tRNA into sequence of amino acids, occurred at ribosome

Question 29

what is tRNA

Answer 29

amino acids become attached to tRNA, each has sequences of 3 bases called anticodon which are complimentary to codons on mRNA molecules.

Question 30

sense strand

Answer 30

runs from 5 to 3, coding strand

Question 31

antisense strand

Answer 31

runs from 3 to 5 does not code for proteins as complimentary so template strand

Question 32

transcription process

Answer 32

RNA polymerase separates dna into 2 strands, one strand is used as template by rna (antisense strand). free nucleotides line up by complimentary base pairing, joined by phospodiester bonds made by rna polymerase forming single stranded mRNA.

Question 33

what happens after mRNA is formed

Answer 33

it moves out of nuclear pore and attaches to ribosome

Question 34

translation process

Answer 34

mRNA attaches to ribosomes, tRNA collects amino acids from cytoplasm are carries to ribosomes. tRNA attaches itself to mRNA by complemenary base pairing. the amino acids attached to tRNA join by peptide bond and tRNA detach themselves. process repeated leading to formation of polypeptide chain intill stop codon on mRNA