DNA and Protein Synthesis Vocab

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

nitrogen-containing base in DNA and RNA that is part of a nucleotide. Binds with thymine

Question 2

Base Pairing Rule

Answer 2

rule states that for DNA, adenine must pair with thymine and cytosine must pair with guanine

Question 3

Cytosine

Answer 3

nitrogen-containing base that is part of DNA and RNA. Binds with guanine

Question 4

Guanine

Answer 4

nitrogen-containing base that is part of DNA and RNA. BInds with cytosine

Question 5

Helicase

Answer 5

enzyme that separates DNA strands before replication

Question 6

Mutation

Answer 6

a change or error in the genetic code of DNA

Question 7

Thymine

Answer 7

nitrogen-containing base that is part of a nucleotide. Binds with adenine and is not present in RNA

Question 8

Messenger (mRNA)

Answer 8

type of RNA that carries genetic information from nucleus to the ribosome

Question 9

Promoter

Answer 9

nucleotide sequence that will initiate transcription of a specific gene

Question 10

Ribose

Answer 10

five-carbon sugar in RNA

Question 11

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 11

type of RNA found in the ribosome

Question 12

RNA polymerase

Answer 12

primary transcription enzyme that copies DNA to RNA

Question 13

Stop Codon

Answer 13

specific sequence of nucleotides (DNA) that marks the ends of a gene and stops transcription

Question 14

Transcription

Answer 14

process in which RNA is made form DNA

Question 15

Transfer RNA

Answer 15

type of RNA that carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome

Question 16

Uracil

Answer 16

nitrogen-containing base that is part of RNA only. Binds with adenine

Question 17

Anticodon

Answer 17

a region of tRNA consisting of 3 bases complementary to the codon of mRNA

Question 18

Codon

Answer 18

group of 3 sequential nitrogen bases of an mRNA molecule

Question 19

RNA

Answer 19

type of nuclei acid that is single-stranded, contains the sugar ribose and contains uracil instead

Question 20

Translation

Answer 20

process of converting the genetic code in mRNA into the amino acid sequence that makes up a protein

Question 21

Start Codon

Answer 21

codon AUG which tells a ribosome to start translation

Question 22

Termination Signal

Answer 22

condo that causes the ribosome to stop translation

Question 23

Nucleotide

Answer 23

component that makes up DNA and RNA, consists of a 5 carbon-sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

Question 24

Pyrimidine

Answer 24

Nitrogenous base that is one ring structure. Examples are cytosine and thymine

Question 25

Purines

Answer 25

Nitrogenous base that is a two-ringed structure. Examples are adenine and guanine

Question 26

Nitrogenous base

Answer 26

an organic base that contains nitrogen, such as purine or pyrimidine; a subunit in DNA and RNA

Question 27

DNA replication

Answer 27

the process of making a copy of DNA