Midterm Vocab

Question 1

Eukaryote

Answer 1

A cell that contains a clearly defined nucleus

Question 2

Dependent Variable

Answer 2

Responding variable that you measure in an experiment

Question 3

Independent Variable

Answer 3

Manipulation variable that you change during an experiment

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

A type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed

Question 5

Prokaryote

Answer 5

A cell that doesn’t contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

A term used for maintaining internal conditions in living organisms

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

Chemical reactions through which an organism breaks down materials

Question 8

Control Group

Answer 8

The group that does not change during the experiment; the group that is the standard for comparison

Question 9

Experimental Group

Answer 9

In an experiment, the group that is changed

Question 10

Domain

Answer 10

In taxonomy, the broadest category that contains kingdom

Question 11

Kingdom

Answer 11

The highest taxonomic category that contains the group phyla

Question 12

Reactant

Answer 12

A substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction

Question 13

Product

Answer 13

A substance that forms in a chemical reaction

Question 14

Activation Energy

Answer 14

The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Question 15

Polar

Answer 15

Describes a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends

Question 16

Cohesion

Answer 16

The force that holds molecules of a single material together

Question 17

Adhesion

Answer 17

The attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other

Question 18

Capillarity

Answer 18

The attraction between molecules that results in the rise of a liquid in small tubes

Question 19

Solute

Answer 19

In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent

Question 20

Solvent

Answer 20

In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

Question 21

Buffer

Answer 21

A solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it

Question 22

Monomer

Answer 22

A simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer

Question 23

Polymer

Answer 23

A large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units

Question 24

Monosaccharide

Answer 24

A simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate

Question 25

Polysaccharide

Answer 25

One of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars. Include starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Question 26

Amino Acid

Answer 26

An organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up proteins

Question 27

Cellular Respiration

Answer 27

the process by which organisms use oxygen and glucose to create carbon dioxide, water, and useable energy

Question 28

Photosynthesis

Answer 28

the process by which organisms use sunlight to create glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water

Question 29

Transpiration

Answer 29

when plants accidentally leak water when their stomata open

Question 30

Stomata

Answer 30

A hole in the underside of the leaf opens to allow carbon dioxide in and oxygen out

Question 31

Fermenation

Answer 31

the creation of energy without the presence of oxygen

Question 32

Autotroph

Answer 32

make their own energy

Question 33

Heterotroph

Answer 33

eat other organisms for energy

Question 34

Fatty Acid

Answer 34

An organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils

Question 35

Chloroplast

Answer 35

Organelle in plants that contains chlorophyll and it where photosynthesis

Question 36

Polypeptide

Answer 36

A long chain of several amino acids