Final Vocab Flashcards
(29 cards)
Transcription
a process in which RNA is made from DNA
Translation
process of converting the genetic code in mRNA into the amino acid sequence that makes up a protein
DNA polymerase
a type of enzyme that creates new copies of DNA
Promoter
a nucleotide sequence that will initiate transcription of a specific gene
Codon
group of 3 sequential nitrogen bases of an mRNA molecule
DNA Replication
The process of making a copy of DNA
Mutation
a change or error in the genetic code of DNA
Natural Selection
The process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates that those without such variations; when nature selects the favorable traits
Adaptation
In populations, to change genetically over generations to become more suited to the environment
Fitness
A measurement of the ability of a species to respond to the pressures of natural selection; the ability of individuals to survive to propagate their genes. Can be physical
Convergent Evolution
The process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment
Divergent Evolution
The process of two or more related species becoming more and more dissimilar
Endosymbiosis
A theory that eukaryotic cells originated through endosymbiotic relationships between ancient prokaryotic cells
Superposition
A law that states that successive layers of rock or soil were deposited on top of one another and the lowest level is oldest
Homologous Structure
Anatomical structures in one species that, compared to other anatomical structures in another species, originated from a single anatomical structure in a common ancestor of two species
Analogous Structure
In evolution, structures in more than one organism that have similar appearance and function, but different embryological origin
Taxonomy
the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms
Gel Electrophoresis
a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size
Cellular Respiration
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)
Photosynthesis
the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water
Meiosis
A special form of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the amount of DNA as the parent cell
Mitosis
The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells
Diploid
two sets of chromosomes
Haploid
one set of chromosomes
