Organic Marcomolecules Vocab Flashcards
(24 cards)
Fatty acid
An organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats and oils
Hydrolysis
A chemical reaction between water and another substance forms two or more new substances. When water is added to break apart polymers
Marcomolecules
A very large organic molecule, usually a polymer, composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms
Nucleotide
In a nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base
Monomer
A simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer
Protein
An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
Peptide bonds
The chemical bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.
Polymer
A large molecule is formed by more than five monomers, or small units
Wax
A type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain. Used as an outer covering to provide a water-tight barrier
Steroid
A type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action. Used to build muscle
Organic Compound
A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
An organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups
Lipids
A large nonpolar organic molecule, that includes fats, steroids, and waxes
Functional Group
The portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds
Polysaccharides
One of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars. Include starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Ribonucleic Acid-RNA
A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis. Contains the sugar ribose.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid-DNA
The material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
Amino Acid
An organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up proteins
Monosaccharides
A simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate
Nucleic Acid
An organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information
Condensation Reaction
A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule. When water is removed to join monomers and/or polymers.
Phospholipids
A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes
Carbohydrate
Any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides energy to the cells of living things. Usually in a 1:2:1 ratio
Polypeptide
A long chain of several amino acid
