DNA: Integration

Question 0

PTH is classified as a

Answer 0

Polypeptide

Question 1

Regulates calcium homeostasis

Answer 1

Parathyroid hormone

Question 2

The receptor of PTH is found in its target cell’s

Answer 2

Cell membrane

Question 3

Solubility of PTH

Answer 3

Hydrophilic

Question 4

Secondary messenger employed by PTH in order to bring about its effect

Answer 4

cAMP

Question 5

It is secreted as a precursor hormone that is continuously degraded

Answer 5

PTH

Question 6

Primary gene product of the parathyroid gland

Answer 6

PreproPTH

Question 7

How many AA residues does PTH have

Answer 7

84

Question 8

Immediate precursor of PTH

Answer 8

ProPTH

Question 9

The leader of sequence, consisting of 25 AAs, is found in the

Answer 9

PreproPTH

Question 10

Best describes the leader sequence

Answer 10

Hydrophobic

Question 11

Characteristic of the pro sequence

Answer 11

Basic hexapeptide

Question 12

Sequences of the PTH responsible for receptor binding

Answer 12

25-34

Question 13

Enzyme responsible for cleaving PTH

Answer 13

Cathepsins

Question 14

Most of the PTH is actually degraded in the

Answer 14

Parathyroid gland

Question 15

What is the primary stimulus for the secretion of and activity of PTH

Answer 15

Low serum calcium levels

Question 16

The single most finding in a person suffering from primary hyperpsrathyroidism

Answer 16

Hypercalcemia

Question 17

In a person with primary hyperparathyroidism, what is the expected level of PTH

Answer 17

Increased

Question 18

An overt sign of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 18

Nephrolithiasis

Question 19

Medication that may bring about characteristic findings or mimic hyperparathyroidism

Answer 19

Thiazide diuretics

Question 20

Polypeptide secreted as a precursor hormone and is cleaved by cathepsin. Binds to membrane receptors and activates adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP.

Answer 20

PTH

Question 21

S4 AA residues: biologically active

Answer 21

1-34

Question 22

S4 AA residues: receptor binding PTH

Answer 22

25-34

Question 23

S4 AA residues: C fragment sequence

Answer 23

37-84

Question 24

PTH synthesis and secretion is regulated by

Answer 24

Serum ionized calcium concentrations

Question 25

Is readily degraded inside the parathyroid glands

Answer 25

ProPTH

Question 26

Rate of degradation is reduced if serum calcium levels is

Answer 26

Low

Question 27

PTH is metabolized in

Answer 27

Liver

Question 28

Manifestations of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 28

Mostly are asymptomatic, fatigue, malaise & serum hypercalcemia

Question 29

Loss of bone mass. Often a laboratory diagnosis: xray, bone densitometry. Precursor of osteoporosis.

Answer 29

Osteopenia

Question 30

Skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural disruption. Leads to skeletal fragility. Major risk factor for falls and fracture. Affects women more than men.

Answer 30

Osteoporosis

Question 31

Risk factor for osteoporosis: being ______. In women, being ______. And in men, ________.

Answer 31

Women. Postmenopausal. Low testosterone levels.

Question 32

Risk factor for osteoporosis: advanced ____. ________ ethnicity. Family history of ________. And _________ frame.

Answer 32

Age. Caucasian/asian. Osteoporosis. Thinness/small

Question 33

Values: normal bone mineral density

Answer 33

> -1.0

Question 34

Values: osteopenia

Answer 34

-1.0 to -2.5

Question 35

Values: osteoporosis

Answer 35

< -2.5

Question 36

Reduces bone resorption

Answer 36

Bisphosphonates (Alendronate)

Question 37

Calcium lowering agent

Answer 37

Cinacalcet