Endo: Biosynthesis Of AA

Question 0

Is essential in infants and children

Answer 0

Arginine

Question 1

Essential AAs

Answer 1

Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Arginine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Valine & Phenylalanine “HILL MATT VP”

Question 2

Most synthesized Arginine. Via what cycle?

Answer 2

Ornithine and Urea. Urea cycle.

Question 3

Transamination of a-ketoacids that are available as common intermediates

Answer 3

Non-Essential AA

Question 4

Their a-ketoacids are not common intermediates( enzymes needed to form them are lacking) Transamination isn’t an option. But they are present in common pathways of microorganisms and plants

Answer 4

Essential AA

Question 5

No. of enzymes for synthesis of nutritionally NonEssential AAs

Answer 5

59

Question 6

No. of enzymes for synthesis of nutritionally Essential AAs

Answer 6

17

Question 7

Metabolic precursor: a-ketoglutarate, Amino acids: __________.

Answer 7

Glutamate, glutamine, arginine & proline “GGAP”

Question 8

Metabolic precursor: 3-Phosphoglycerate, Amino acids: __________.

Answer 8

Glycine, Cysteine & Serine “GCS”

Question 9

Metabolic precursor: Oxaloacetate, Amino acids: __________.

Answer 9

Lysine, Aspartate, Methionine, Asparagine & Threonine “LAMAT”

Question 10

Metabolic precursor: Pyruvate, Amino acids: __________.

Answer 10

Valine, Alanine, Isoleucine & Leucine “VAIL”

Question 11

Metabolic precursor: Phosphoenolpyruvate & Erythrose 4-Phosphate, Amino acids: __________.

Answer 11

Phenylalanine, Tryptophan & Tyrosine “PTT”

Question 12

Metabolic precursor: Ribose 5-Phosphate , Amino acids: __________.

Answer 12

Histidine

Question 13

a-Ketoglutarate Family

Answer 13

a ketoglutarate- glutamate= glutamine, arginine & proline

Question 14

Enzyme used for glutamate+NH4+ATP ——-> glutamine+ADP+Pi+H

Answer 14

Glutamine synthetase

Question 15

Enzyme used for a-ketoglutarate+NH4+NADPH+H ——–> 2 glutamate+NADP

Answer 15

Glutamate synthase

Question 16

Proline synthesis

Answer 16

Glutamate [glutamate kinase] Glutamyl phosphate [glutamate dehydrogenase] Glutamate semialdehyde [pyrroline carboxylase reductase] Proline

Question 17

Synthesis of Arginine

Answer 17

Glutamate [acetylglutamate synthase] Acetylglutamate [acetylglutamate kinase] Acetyl Glutamyl Phosphate [acetyl glutamyl dehydrogenase] Acetylglutamate semialdehyde [aminotransferase] Acetylornithine/Ornithine [ornithine carbamoyl transferase] Citrulline [argininosuccinate synthetase] Argininosuccinate [argininosuccinase] Arginine

Question 18

Oxaloacetate family

Answer 18

Oxaloacetate- aspartate- asparagine, methionine, lysine & threonine

Question 19

Synthesis of Aspartate & Asparagine

Answer 19

Oxaloacetate [transamination of glutamate] Aspartate [amidation with glutamine donating NH4] Asparagine

Question 20

Pyruvate family

Answer 20

Pyruvate = Valine, Alanine, Isoleucine & Leucine

Question 21

Synthesis of Alanine

Answer 21

Pyruvate [transamination from glutamate] Alanine

Question 22

Synthesis of Valine

Answer 22

Pyruvic acid- acetolatic acid- dihydroxyisovaleric acid- ketoisovaleric acid- valine

Question 23

Phosphoenolpyruvate and Erythrose 4 phosphate Family

Answer 23

Phosphoenolpyruvate + Erythrose 4 phosphate - chorismate= tryptophan, tyrosine & phenylalanine

Question 24

Synthesis of Tryptophan

Answer 24

Chorismate [anthranilate synthase] Anthranilate [anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase] N-5 Phosphoribosyl anthranilate [N-5 Phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase] Enol 1 carboxyphenylamino deoxyribulose phosphate [Indole 3 glycerol phosphate synthase] Indole 3 glycerol phosphate [Tryptophan synthase] Tryptophan

Question 25

Synthesis of Tyrosine

Answer 25

4 Hydroxyphenylpyruvate [aminotransferase] Tyrosine

Question 26

Synthesis of Phenylalanine

Answer 26

Phenylpyruvate [aminotransferase] Phenylalanine

Question 27

The 21st AA. Is encoded by the UGA codon. It has been discovered that HIV-1 encodes a functional _______.

Answer 27

Selenocysteine. Selenoprotein.

Question 28

In prokaryotes, an operon consisting of four genes necessary for the incorporation of selenocysteine into proteins.

Answer 28

Sel operon

Question 29

Patients with HIV have been shown to have a _____ than average blood plasma selenium level.

Answer 29

Lower