DNA Review Worksheet

Question 1

What are the three molecules that make up a nucleotide?

Answer 1

Phosphate group, nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar

Question 2

List the four nitrogen bases that make up DNA.

Answer 2

Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine

Question 3

DNA is often described as a ladder, which molecules make up the side of the ladder.

Answer 3

Phosphate and sugar

Question 4

What type of bond is strong enough to hold the sides of the ladder?

Answer 4

Covalent bond

Question 5

What is a complimentary strand of DNA for atgctg?

Answer 5

Tacgac

Question 6

Explain the process of DNA replication in detail. (3 Steps)

Answer 6

1. DNA unzips because of helicase
2. Polymerase reads the single Helix
3. Complimentary base pairs matchup to complete the double helix

Question 7

What is the end product created in DNA replication?

Answer 7

Two identical double helixes

Question 8

What type of micromolecule is ribose?

Answer 8

Sugar

Question 9

Explain one similarity between the structures of DNA and RNA.

Answer 9

Both made of phosphorus and sugar backbone.

Question 10

Explain three differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 10

DNA
Thymine
Stays in the nucleus
Only one type

RNA
Uracil
Can leave the nucleus

Question 11

List the 4 nitrogen bases that make up RNA

Answer 11

Guanine Adenine, Cytosine, Uracil

Question 12

What are the two types of nucleic acids involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 12

DNA RNA

Question 13

A codon is found in what kind of molecule?

Answer 13

mRNA

Question 14

What is an anticodon and where is it found

Answer 14

A group of three nitrogen bases
tRNA

Question 15

What two main processes occur in protein synthesis?

Answer 15

Transcription and translation

Question 16

What are the end products created and these two different processes, transcription and translation

Answer 16

mRNA and protiens

Question 17

Explain the process of transcription in detail

Answer 17

1. Helicase unzip’s DNA partially
2. Nucleotides go to the nucleus
3. RNA nucleotides base pair with DNA
4. mRNA forms (series of codons)
5. mRNA leaves nucleus
6. DNA zips backup

Question 18

Explain the process of translation in detail

Answer 18

1. mRNA arrives at ribosome
2. tRNA arrives at ribosome with amino acid
3. tRNA anticodon base pairs with mRNA codon to put amino acids in correct order
4. rRNA moves mRNA down to be read
5. Amino acids bond to form a protein
   * tRNA leaves amino acid and goes to find a new animo acid

Question 19

How does the process of protein synthesis affect the overall function of an organism?

Answer 19

*keep cells healthy and growing
*Proteins make up everything, hard time building cells without them
*Enzymes (proteins) break down food