Final Flashcards
(25 cards)
Explain the function of the nervous system
Controls the mental and physical activities of our body
Explain what makes up the central nervous system
Brian and spinal cord
Explain how a nerve impulse is sent
Dendrite picks up stimuli, electrical impulse is sent through the cell body to the axon where it travels in a wave-like motion to the axon terminal where it turns into chemical and travels across the synapse
Name and describe one disease or injury to the nervous system, and how it affects the body.
Epilepsy- nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed causing seizures
Explain the function of the circulatory system
Transport/ distribute oxygen and nutrients to the body and remove waste through the movement of blood
Explain the difference between arteries and veins
Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood to the heart
Identify the various structures of the heart
Vena cava- right atrium- valve- right ventricle- valve- pulmonary arteries- lungs- pulmonary veins- left atrium- valve- left ventricle- valve- aorta- body
Name and describe one disease or injury to the circulatory system and how it affects the body
High blood pressure- blood pounds against arteries and organs causing damage
Explain the function of the respiratory system
Controls what gases are taken into and removed from the body
List all the organs and tissues and their functions (respiratory system)
Pharynx- back area of the throat where air and food pass through
Epiglottis- prevents food from entering the lungs by covering the trachea
Trachea- takes air from the throat to lungs
Larynx- produces sound
Lung – exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen in the body
Bronchi – two main branches of the trachea that take air to the lung
Bronchiole- smaller branches at the end of the bronchi that take air to the alveoli
Alveoli – air socks in the lung where the gas exchange takes place
Diaphragm-aids in and controls breathing
Explain how breathing occurs
The diaphragm goes down to inhale and goes up to exhale
Explain the function of the epiglottis
Prevents food from entering the lungs by covering the trachea
Name and describe one disease or injury to the respiratory system and how it affects the body
Asthma- a chronic lung disease caused by inflamed bronchioles, makes breathing hard
Explain the function of the digestive system
Breakdown foods into basic components to be absorbed and used by the body
List all digestive system organs and tissues involved in their functions (10)
Salivary glands- secrete saliva
Esophagus- where food is pushed down to the stomach through peristalsis
Stomach – mechanical and chemical digestion, enzymes and HCl
Duodenum- First 8 to 10 in of small intestine, digest fats and other materials
Liver – it’s a secrets bile which digests fat
Gallbladder- stores and concentrates bile
Pancreas- secretes and enzymes
Small intestine – absorption of nutrients into capillaries
Villi – finger leg projections that line the intestine to increase service area for absorption
Large intestine- absorbs water
Describe the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion
Mechanical digestion is physically breaking down food will chemical digestion is using enzymes and acids
Name one disease or injury to the Digestive system and how it affects the body
Appendicitis- infection in appendix
Explain the function of the skeletal system
Structure, support, protection, movement, stores, minerals, production of red and white blood cells
List and give an example of each type of joint
Hinge- elbow
Ball and socket – hip
Gliding – wrist
Pivotal – neck
Fixed – skull
Explain the importance of yellow and red bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow stores fats and minerals well red bone marrow creates red and white blood cells
Name and describe one disease or injury to the skeletal system and how it affects the body
Arthritis- swelling/ stiffness and pain in the joints
Explain the function of the muscular system
Provide physical movement of the body, digest food, circulate nutrients, provide energy to the body
Describe the three types of muscles
Skeletal muscle- found on bones, move the entire body
Cardiac muscle- found only in the heart
Smooth muscle – found in internal organs
Explain how muscle contracts and expands
ATP is used to move myosin to grab onto actin and pull actin filaments closer together and this creates a contraction. Then the myosin lets go of actin and the muscle expands.
