(Extra) Skeletal And Muscular System

Question 1

What is the difference between voluntary muscle and involuntary muscle?

Answer 1

You control voluntary muscle while involuntary muscles act subconsciously.

Voluntary muscles include skeletal muscles, while involuntary muscles include smooth and cardiac muscles.

Question 2

What is the origin of a muscle?

Answer 2

The origin is where the muscle attaches to a stationary bone.

The origin is typically the more stationary attachment point.

Question 3

What is the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 3

The insertion attaches to the moving bone.

The insertion point moves during muscle contraction.

Question 4

What is the role of flexors?

Answer 4

Muscles that cause a joint to bend.

Flexors are essential for movements like curling the arm.

Question 5

What is the role of extensors?

Answer 5

Muscles that cause a joint to straighten.

Extensors are important for movements like extending the arm.

Question 6

What do actin and myosin do?

Answer 6

Myosin pulls actin to contract a muscle at a joint.

Actin and myosin are proteins that interact to facilitate muscle contraction.

Question 7

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels?

Answer 7

b. smooth muscle

Smooth muscle is involuntary and not under conscious control.

Question 8

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for moving most parts of the body?

Answer 8

c. skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle is voluntary and allows for movement of the skeleton.

Question 9

What happens when a skeletal muscle contracts?

Answer 9

d. Sarcomeres shorten, myosin heads bend outward, myosin heads attach to actin filaments

Sarcomeres are the functional units of muscle contraction.

Question 10

How does a muscle contract, specifically regarding muscle fibers?

Answer 10

Myosin moves to pull actin together, causing contraction.

This process involves the sliding filament theory.

Question 11

Name the three types of muscle tissue.

Answer 11

• Skeletal - on bones
• Cardiac - in the heart
• Smooth - in internal organs, intestines, blood vessels

Each type of muscle tissue has distinct functions and locations in the body.

Question 12

Why are flexors and extensors considered antagonistic muscles?

Answer 12

Flexors and extensors work opposite each other, with flexors decreasing the angle between body parts while extensors increase it.

Question 13

Which muscle is a flexor and which muscle is an extensor?

Answer 13

Bicep is a flexor; Tricep is an extensor.

Question 14

Where is the insertion of a bicep located?

Answer 14

At the radius (elbow)

Question 15

Where is the origin of a bicep located?

Answer 15

At the scapula (shoulder)

Question 16

What is the function of the muscular system?

Answer 16

To provide physical movement of the body, digest food, circulate nutrients, and provide energy to the body

Question 17

List three diseases or injuries to the muscular system

Answer 17

Muscular dystrophy- a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass
Torn or strained muscle- pain, inability to use
Atrophy- weakening of muscles, caused by lack of use

Question 18

List and describe the three types of muscles

Answer 18

Skeletal muscle – bones, moves entire body, voluntary
Cardiac muscle – heart, involuntary
Smooth muscle- internal organs, involuntary

Question 19

Definition of actin

Answer 19

Thin protein filaments, get pulled

Question 20

Definition of myosin

Answer 20

Thick protein filaments, pull actin

Question 21

How the muscular system works

Answer 21

Atp is used to move myosin which grabs onto actin and pulls actin filaments closer together. This movement of actin causes a contraction

Question 22

What is the difference between a flexor and an extensor? List an example

Answer 22

Flexor – a muscle that contracts to bend a joint, bicep
Extensor- a muscle that contracts to straighten a joint, tricep

Question 23

The difference between the origin and insertion of a muscle. Example

Answer 23

Origin- point where muscle attaches to stationary bone, scapula (shoulder)
Insertion- where muscle attaches to moving bone, ulna (elbow)

Question 24

What are the functions of the skeletal system? Describe

Answer 24

Provide structure – placement of Bones and types of joints
support – allows for attachment of organs and tissues
protection - of internal organs, ribs, pelvis, vertebrae and skull
allows for movement – muscles attached to bones and rough areas to allow for skeletal movement
stores minerals - in spongy bone, yellow bone marrow
production of red and white blood cells – red and white blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow

Question 25

No, the structure of the internal bone:(look at picture)

Answer 25

Periosteum, blood vessel, red bone marrow, spongy bone, compact bone, yellow bone marrow

Question 26

List three disease and injuries for the skeletal system

Answer 26

Osteoporosis- weak bones, thinner and less dence bane, lose more bone than you can make Leukemia- cancer of the blood or bone marrow Fracture- partial or complete break in the bone

Question 27

List the different types of joints

Answer 27

Hinge- elbow knee Paul and socket – hip shoulder Gliding – wrist Pivotal – neck fixed – go!

Question 28

Tough bands have connective tissue that whole bones in place are called

Answer 28

Ligaments

Question 29

Where two bones meet is called of

Answer 29

Joint

Question 30

The material that can be found between bones and is used to cushion the bones is called

Answer 30

Cartilage

Question 31

Explain the relationship between periosteum and compact bone

Answer 31

The periosteum is on the outside of compact bone

Question 32

Bone marrow, spungie bone

Answer 32

Bone marrow is in spongy bone

Question 33

Name bones. Look at picture

Answer 33

Clavicle, sturnum, lumar vertebrae, phalanges, pelvis, patella, cranium, ribs, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, phalanges