DNA structure And Replication

Question 1

Genome DNA is in the form of

Answer 1

Chromatin

Question 2

Genome DNA is bound to which proteins

Answer 2

Histones and non Histones

Question 3

Histones bind DNA mainly as nucleosomes
composed of 2 copies of each

Answer 3

H2A
H2B
H3
H4

Question 4

Amino acids in Histones are subject to______ which regulate the activity of underlying genomic regions

Answer 4

posttranslational modifications (PTMs)

Question 5

_________are required for normal
chromosome segregation in mitosis and
meiosis

Answer 5

Centromeres

Question 6

a substantial proportion of
human pathology stems from
abnormalities of

Answer 6

Chromosome segregation

Question 7

The primary sequence of cenromeres are

Answer 7

Alpha satellite DNA

Question 8

______________are DNA
sequences that have the ability to
change their position within a genome

Answer 8

Transposons (DNA)

retro (RNA) transposons.

Question 9

Transposable elements drive______ of genomes by
facilitating the translocation of genomic
sequences, the shuffling of exons, and the
repair of double-stranded breaks

Answer 9

Evolution

Question 10

DNA transposons move by

Answer 10

Cut and paste

Question 11

Retrotransposons move

Answer 11

Copy and paste

Question 12

Retrotransposotion takes place in both

Answer 12

The nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 13

Each nucleotide is composed of

Answer 13

1) a phosphate group, (2) a five-carbon sugar, or
pentose, and (3) a cyclic nitrogen-containing
compound called a base.

Question 14

In DNA the sugar associated is

Answer 14

2-deoxyribose

Question 15

in RNA, the sugar is

Answer 15

Ribose

Question 16

The DNA backbone is a polymer
with an

Answer 16

Alternating sugar phosphate sequence

Question 17

Deoxyribose sugars are joined at both the _______to phosphate groups in ester links called _______

Answer 17

3’ and 5’ hydroxyl groups; phospodiester bonds

Question 18

Nucleotides are arranged in what shape

Answer 18

Double helix

Question 19

In the DNA The two polynucleotide strands are held together
in their helical configuration by

Answer 19

hydrogen bonding

Question 20

Adenine and thymine form how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

2

Question 21

Cytosine and guanine form how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 21

3

Question 22

Chargaffs rule states

Answer 22

%A = %T and %G = %C.

Question 23

Purine bases are

Answer 23

Adenine and guanine

Question 24

Pyramiding bases are

Answer 24

Cytosine and thymine and uracil

Question 25

Thymine and uracil differ in that

Answer 25

Thymine has a methyl group and uracil does not

Question 26

DNA replicates in what phase of the cell cycle

Answer 26

S phase

Question 27

Each strand of DNA serves as a template for

Answer 27

DNA polymerase

Question 28

What does DNA polymerase do

Answer 28

Catalyze the addition of the correct bases during the synthesis of the new strand

Question 29

Which strand is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase

Answer 29

Leading strand

Question 30

Synthesis of the lagging strand is done by

Answer 30

Okazaki fragments

Question 31

DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in what direction

Answer 31

5’ to 3’

Question 32

What are ORC proteins

Answer 32

enzymes that recognize the origin of replication

Question 33

What is the function of topoisomerase

Answer 33

Relieves stress of the supercoils

Question 34

What is the function of primate

Answer 34

Synthesizes RNA primers

Question 35

What does DNA ligaments do

Answer 35

Seals Okazaki fragments into a continuous strand

Question 36

All polymerases require

Answer 36

Pre existing DNA and a free 3’-hydroxyl

Question 37

What does exonuclease do

Answer 37

Proofreading

Question 38

In eukaryotes, initiator proteins are

Answer 38

ORC Cdc6 Cdt1

Question 39

Initiator proteins recruit the______

Answer 39

Helicase

Question 40

Heliscase is activated in which phase

Answer 40

S phase

Question 41

Polymerase and primate are added to the complex only when

Answer 41

Helicase is activated

Question 42

Helicase is only activated when________activity begins

Answer 42

CDK/DDK kinases

Question 43

Telomeres prevent ______during replication

Answer 43

DNA degration

Question 44

The repeated sequence of telomeres is

Answer 44

TTAGGG

Question 45

Synthesis of telomeres is done by

Answer 45

The reverse transcriptase telomerase

Question 46

Cell senescence is when

Answer 46

The cell is unable to divide and triggers apoptosis

Question 47

Cell senescence occurs when

Answer 47

Telomeres are progressively shortened after each cell division

Question 48

telomeres length and telomerase activity are crucial for

Answer 48

Cancer initiation and the survival of tumours

Question 49

Helicase is a complex of proteins containing

Answer 49

CDC6, Mcm2-7 and GINS

Question 50

3’ exonuclease activity is involved in

Answer 50

Proofreading

Question 51

5’ exonuclease activity is involved in

Answer 51

Primer removal