Mitochondira And Peroxisomes

Question 1

Mitochondria are thought to have originated when _________ was engulfed by a larger ________.

Answer 1

Aerobic prokaryote; anaerobic eukaryote

Question 2

Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes. T/F

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Number of mitochondria are the same throughout all cells. T/F

Answer 3

False

Number of mitochondria matches the cells requirement to energy

Question 4

Why do cardiac muscles have lots of mitochondria?

Answer 4

To supply ATP for actin-myosin contraction

Question 5

Kidney cells have mitochondria in order to

Answer 5

Provide energy to move water from the lumen to the tubule to the underlying blood capillaries

Question 6

How many membranes to mitochondria have?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Transmembrane Proteins on the outer membrane of the mitochondria are called________and they allow small molecules such as ________ to pass from the cytoplasm to the inter membrane space

Answer 7

Porins; pyruvate

Question 8

The inner membrane of the mitochondria forms folds called

Answer 8

Cristae

Question 9

The function of cristae on the inner membrane of the mitochondria is to increase the ________

Answer 9

Surface area

Question 10

Transmembrane proteins on the inner membrane allow the mitochondria to

Answer 10

Carry out oxidation reactions of the ETC

ATP synthase

ADP/ATP carrier

Question 11

Mitochondrial DNA is different than nucleus DNA in that

Answer 11

Mitochondrial DNA is circular and not packaged by histones

Question 12

All protein destined for the mitochondria must carry

Answer 12

Mitochondrial targeting sequence

Question 13

Mitochondrial division is linked to cell division. T/F

Answer 13

False

Mitochondria divide independently

Question 14

All mitochondria come from which parent

Answer 14

The mother

Question 15

Mitochondria is not passed from the father because sperm mitochorarra are tagged with

Answer 15

Ubequitin

Question 16

Mitochondrial diseases tend to affect which part of the body

Answer 16

Brain and muscle

Question 17

3 parent babies involve having a second mother donate their healthy ________to the first mothers cytoplasm

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

The main function of the mitochondria is to produce

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

Mitochondria produce ATP through

Answer 19

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

The cytoplasm uses______ to produce ATP which is _____ process

Answer 20

Glycolysis; anaerobic

Question 21

Pyruvate and fatty acids in the inner membrane of the inner membrane are converted into

Answer 21

Acetyl CoA

Question 22

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains high energy electrons carried by

Answer 22

NADH and FADH2

Question 23

The main driver of ATP synthase is

Answer 23

H+ (Hydrogen Ion)

Question 24

The release of which proteins from the mitochondria to the cytosol initiate apoptosis?

Answer 24

Procaspases

Apoptosis initiatermfactor (AIF)

Cytochrome c

Question 25

Mitochondria of steroid producing cells reveal______ which contain enzymes required for steroidogenesis

Answer 25

Tubular cristae

Question 26

Mitochondria produces heat (thermogenesis) through the

Answer 26

Oxidation of fat

Question 27

The main function of peroxisomes is to degrade

Answer 27

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 28

Peroxisomes do not contain DNA. T/F

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Peroxisomes are characterized in TEM by

Answer 29

Electron dense inclusions

Question 30

Enzymes which contribute to peroxisomes function are known as

Answer 30

Peroxins

Question 31

Peroxisomes targeting signals contain

Answer 31

3 amino acids Serine lysine leucine

Question 32

Peroxisomes divide through

Answer 32

Fission De novo formation

Question 33

De Novo Formation of peroxisomes involves pre-peroxisome budding off of the _______which contain_______that recognize PTS obtaining peroxins

Answer 33

ER; RECEPTORS

Question 34

Peroxisomes breakdown very long fatty acid chains (VLCFA’s) through

Answer 34

Beta oxidation

Question 35

What is the main difference between Beta oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes

Answer 35

Peroxisome oxidation are not coupled to ATP synthase

Question 36

Peroxidases such ______break down h2o2 to water and oxygen

Answer 36

Catalase

Question 37

Peroxisomes in liver cells participate in the synthesis of

Answer 37

Bile acids

Question 38

Bile acids are made from

Answer 38

Cholesterol

Question 39

Where are bile acids made ?

Answer 39

Peroxisomes

Question 40

H2O2 of the peroxisome is used to convert cholesterol into

Answer 40

Bile acids

Question 41

Peroxisomes are numerous in the liver and kidney since they rid the body of

Answer 41

Toxic substances (detoxification)

Question 42

Myelin is a mixture of

Answer 42

Proteins and phospholipids

Question 43

Peroxisome participate in the synthesis of phospholipids known as_____which contribute to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 43

Plasmalogens

Question 44

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) refers to

Answer 44

The breakdown of myelin in the adrenal glands

Question 45

ALD is directly correlated to a________which results in an accumulation of very long fatty acid chains in tissues throughout the body

Answer 45

Disorder of Peroxisome fatty acid beta oxidation

Question 46

Zellweger sydrome Is a result of the reduction or absence of

Answer 46

Peroxisomes

Question 47

The Zellweger syndrome is when patients are defective in either

Answer 47

Importing proteins into peroxisomes ‘Empty’ peroxisomes