The Endimembrane System And Membrane Traficking

Question 1

Ribosomes attached to mRNA are called

Answer 1

Polysemy’s or polyribosomes

Question 2

Polyribosomes are found in either the

Answer 2

Cytosol
Rough ER

Question 3

The function of the rough ER includes

Answer 3

Protein production
Protein modification

Question 4

The rough ER Consists of parallel stacks of membrane called

Answer 4

Cristae

Question 5

Proteins are packed in______which from the rough ER to the______ for further maturation

Answer 5

Vesicles; golgi complex

Question 6

After the golgi complex. proteins are packaged into vesicles and sent to

Answer 6

The outside of the cell
Insertion in the plasma membrane or organelles membrane
Lumen of the ER and the golgi
Lysosomal matrix

Question 7

The pathway from the golgi to other desired locations is called the

Answer 7

Secretory pathway

Question 8

Proteins of the cytosol need a targeting signal to reach their destination . T/F

Answer 8

False

Only proteins bound to organelles need a targeting sequence

Question 9

SRP is the______for the ER signal sequence

Answer 9

Receptor

Question 10

What happens when SRP binds the ER signal sequence

Answer 10

Translation is paused

Question 11

Membrane proteins are always translated on

Answer 11

ER bound polyribosomes

Question 12

Membrane spanning domains are primarily______and located on the polypeptide chain

Answer 12

Hydrophobic

Question 13

When Membrane spanning domains enter the protein _______, this allow the insertion of membrane proteins into the membrane

Answer 13

Translocon

Question 14

Protein modifications in the ER Include

Answer 14

Formation of Disulfide bonds
Cleavage of ER signal sequences
N-linked glycosylation
Protein folding

Question 15

The formation of Disulfide bonds aids in

Answer 15

Protein folding

Question 16

Signal peptidase is is responsible for

Answer 16

Cleaving SRP and degrading them

Question 17

In N-linked glycosylation, polysaccharides attach to_______residues on the polypeptide chain

Answer 17

Asparagine: N

Question 18

Protein folding is aided by chaperones
of the ER lumen called

Answer 18

BiP (binding protein)

Question 19

Protein fold up incorrectly in the ER are
actively retained and not allowed to exit

T/F

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Misfolded proteins are dislocated back through the ER translocator channel to be degraded in the cytoplasm by

Answer 20

Proteasomes

Question 21

Misfolded proteins are marked with_____

Answer 21

Ubiquitin

Question 22

Cystic fibrosis is occurs when a deletion mutation in the

Answer 22

CFTR gene

Question 23

Normal CFTR protein is responsible for

Answer 23

Transporting chloride ions into and out of the cell

Question 24

Mutated CFTR is marked with_______for degradation

Answer 24

Ubiquitin

Question 25

Abnormal epithelial transport of Cl- affects the

Answer 25

Viscosity of the mucous covering the epithelial cells

Question 26

The defective Cl- channel protein in the bronchial epithelium causes decreased Cl- secretion and

Answer 26

Increased sodium ions and water reabsorption

Question 27

Smooth ER differs in the rough ER in that

Answer 27

Smooth ER does not contain any bound ribosomes

Question 28

smooth ER appears as_________ in the TEM section

Answer 28

Tubules and vesicles

Question 29

The function of the smooth ER include

Answer 29

Biosynthesis of steroid hormones and membrane lipids Breakdown of toxins and drugs Sequestration of Ca++ in striated muscles

Question 30

The golgi consists of 3 regions. What are they

Answer 30

Cis Medial Trans

Question 31

Cis golgi recieves________ from the ER

Answer 31

Protein loaded vesicles

Question 32

Trans golgi is the_______for proteins to their matured destinations

Answer 32

Sorting mechanism

Question 33

Protein modification in the golgi includes

Answer 33

Trimming and addition of polysaccharides O-linked glycosylation

Question 34

O-liked glycosylation includes the attachment of polysaccharides to hydroxyl groups of

Answer 34

Lipid and serine OR threonine

Question 35

Branched carbohydrates in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane are called

Answer 35

Glycocalyx

Question 36

Cargo is sorted at the _____golgi and is secreted into 3 types of vesicles. They include;

Answer 36

Trans; Lysosomes Regulated Constitutive

Question 37

Clathrate coated vesicles form at the______ and during_____

Answer 37

Trans golgi Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 38

Clathrate coated vesicles formation is initiated by which ligand

Answer 38

LDL

Question 39

_________is an enzyme that pinches off and suspends clathrin coated vesicles free into the cytoplasm

Answer 39

Dynamin

Question 40

Vesicles returning from the golgi to the rough ER are coated with

Answer 40

COP I

Question 41

vesicles moving from the rough ER to cis golgi are coated with

Answer 41

COP II

Question 42

V SNARES (SNAP receptors) are present on

Answer 42

Vesicles

Question 43

T-SNARES (SNAP receptors) are present on

Answer 43

Target membranes

Question 44

Botox works by degrading specific______ which prevents fusion of exocytic vesicles containing______with the plasma membrane

Answer 44

SNARES; acetylcholine

Question 45

Botox works by preventing

Answer 45

Muscle contraction

Question 46

RABS are a_______

Answer 46

GTP binding protein Docking protein

Question 47

What does RABS do

Answer 47

It’s a docking enzyme. It binds a tethering protein and assists in the contact between a vesicles and a membrane

Question 48

Lysosomes are only active under

Answer 48

Acidic pH

Question 49

What kind of enzymes are lysosomal enzymes

Answer 49

Hydrolases

Question 50

Synthesis of lysosomal enzymes occur in the

Answer 50

Rough ER

Question 51

Lysosomal hydrolases receive which signal as they travel through the rough ER

Answer 51

M6P signal

Question 52

Membranes of the trans golgi contain_______which bind the lysosomal hydrolases and cluster them into clathrin coated vesicles

Answer 52

M6P receptors

Question 53

Autophagosomes Is a mechanism in which the cell_______£which is then directed to the

Answer 53

Degrades it’s own organelles; lysosome

Question 54

3 types of endocytosis include

Answer 54

Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 55

Phagocytosis is the ingestion of

Answer 55

Large particles

Question 56

Pinocytosis is the ingestion of

Answer 56

Fluids

Question 57

Large particles to be eaten by phagocytes are coated with antibodies saying ‘eat me’. This is called

Answer 57

Opsonization

Question 58

In exocytosis, in the regulated secretory pathway, cargo loaded vesicles are only released when

Answer 58

When the cell receives a proper signal such as insulin

Question 59

Rise in cytosolic Ca ++ is the signal for

Answer 59

fusion of the vesicle with the plasm membrane

Question 60

Constitutive secretory pathway vesicles travel to the plasma membrane and fuse with it immediately and require no signal. T/F

Answer 60

True