DNA technology quiz

Question 1

Restriction Enzymes

Answer 1

enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences

sources: found in bacteria in the wild

Question 2

Sticky Ends

Answer 2

staggered single-stranded end piece extending from cut DNA

Question 3

recombinant DNA

Answer 3

DNA formed by joining pieces from different sources

Question 4

Chromatography

Answer 4

way of separating molecules

ex. dye on filter paper

Question 5

gel electrophoresis

Answer 5

technique which uses electrical current to separate molecules

Question 6

agarose

Answer 6

what the gel is made of

Question 7

DNA Fingerprinting

Answer 7

using electrophoresis and enzymes to identify aspects of DNA

Question 8

probe

Answer 8

single stranded radioactively labeled nucleic acid segments

used to identify “gene of interest”

Question 9

PCR

Answer 9

polymerase chain reaction
a method for copying large quantities of a particular piece of DNA
3 step cycle:
heating-unzips
cooling-add primer
replication of DNA

Question 10

Human Genome Project

Answer 10

international project to find all gene codes in a human

Question 11

James Watson

Answer 11

first head of HGP

Question 12

Francis Collins

Answer 12

final head of HGP

Question 13

Craig Venter

Answer 13

First to sequence a human genome

his company CELERA invented a machine that reads the gene more efficiently

Question 14

Gene Sequencing

Answer 14

using gel electrophoresis to find the gene code

Question 15

Genetic engineering

Answer 15

the alteration of DNA through uses of enzymes and vectors

Question 16

gene insertion

Answer 16

process where DNA from a foreign source is inserted into another organism

Question 17

Vector

Answer 17

a substance used to insert a gene into a new cell (gene carriers)

Question 18

plasmid

Answer 18

circular DNA in bacteria

only use if inserting a gene into bacteria and some plants

Question 19

liposome

Answer 19

balls of lipids

Question 20

virus

Answer 20

naturally insert their DNA when they infect their host

Question 21

GMO

Answer 21

genetically modified organism

Question 22

transgenic

Answer 22

an organism containing a foreign gene, also called GMO