The Gene and What it Does Test #4

Question 1

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

Answer 1

Franklin performed technique X-Ray crystallography

Question 2

nucleotide

Answer 2

monomers of DNA
A:T
C:G
original strands called template
free nucleotides found in cytoplasm & are made by the cell

Question 3

telomeres/telomerase

Answer 3

telomeres: extra DNA on the ends of a chromosome that shorten each time DNA copies
short telomeres result in aging, death, cancer

Cells with active telomerase enzyme: STEM cells, cancers cells, embryo cells

Question 4

DNA Replication

Answer 4

Occurs during S phase when DNA must be copied

Question 5

Helicase

Answer 5

an enzyme that untwists the DNA

Weakens the bonds between bases (unzips the DNA)

Question 6

DNA Polymerase

Answer 6

an enzyme that collects free floating nucleotides and links them together

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

a region of DNA, whose bases code for one particular protein.

Question 8

genetic code

Answer 8

the order or sequence of the nitrogenous bases

Question 9

mRNA

Answer 9

(messenger) carries a copy of a gene from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

Question 10

Ribose

Answer 10

sugar used in RNA

Question 11

Uracil

Answer 11

base matched to Adenine instead of thymine

Question 12

rRNA

Answer 12

(ribosomal) used to make up the ribosome

helps make protein

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

(transfer) carries amino acids to the ribosomes

Question 14

RNA

Answer 14

ribose nucleic acid

single stranded

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

Making RNA
Helicase enzyme separates the 2 strands
RNA polymerase collects free floating RNA nucleotide and like them to complementary bases (A:U, C:G)
when finished RNA breaks free and goes to cytoplasm and the DNA rezips and stays in the nucleus

Question 16

codon

Answer 16

3 nitrogenous bases that code for one amino acid
64 different codons
20 different amino acids

Question 17

translation

Answer 17

Decoding the message
happens in the cytoplasm of the cell
mRNA binds to the ribosome, the cell’s protein factory

Question 18

start codons

Answer 18

aug or start codon on mRNA

carris the amino acid methionine

Question 19

stop codon

Answer 19

carry no amino acids

uaa, uag, uga

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

alteration in gene code

Question 21

mutant

Answer 21

an organism with an expressed mutation

Question 22

mutagen

Answer 22

an environmental material that causes mutations

Question 23

gene mutation

Answer 23

a mutation in one gene

Question 24

frame shift

Answer 24

altering of nucleotide number that results in improper grouping of codons due to insert or delete nucleotides

Question 25

exon

Answer 25

used for RNA and exit the ribosome

Question 26

introns

Answer 26

removed and stay in nucleus

Question 27

correction enzymes

Answer 27

repair mutations, remove incorrect nucleotides

Question 28

RNA splicing

Answer 28

mRNA needs editing, like a rough draft

introns & extrons

Question 29

Chromosomal mutations

Answer 29

duplication, insertion, inversion, translocation

Question 30

duplication

Answer 30

regions of DNA are repeated

Question 31

deletion

Answer 31

regions of chromosomes are lost

Question 32

inversion

Answer 32

regions of chromosomes are reversed

Question 33

translocation

Answer 33

region of one chromosome is move to a nonhomologous chromosome