Test #3 Cell Cycle

Question 1

haploid

Answer 1

Have half amount of chromosomes (NO pairs)

Question 2

diploid

Answer 2

Have full amount of chromosomes (in pairs, 23)

Question 3

somatic cells

Answer 3

cells that form bodily functions “body cells” (heart, lung, liver)

Question 4

gamete

Answer 4

cells that are used in sexual reproduction (eggs, pollen, sperm)

Question 5

zygote

Answer 5

formed when 1 sperm fuses with 1 egg

Question 6

identical twins

Answer 6

twins formed when 1 zygote splits by mitosis into 2 zygotes

Question 7

fraternal twins

Answer 7

twins formed when 2 eggs are released and are each fertilized by a different sperm

Question 8

conjoined twins

Answer 8

identical twins that did not separate fully during development

Question 9

homologous

Answer 9

chromosomes that occurs in pairs, with similar regions of DNA controlling similar traits

Question 10

crossing over

Answer 10

segment of the chromosomes are exchanged

Question 11

X & y

Answer 11

Males have X & y

Females have XX

Question 12

autosomes

Answer 12

chromosomes that influence a body’s development of sexual organs

Question 13

prophase I

Answer 13

1. cell breaks down: nuclear envelope, nucleolus
2. cell makes: spindle fibers, chromosomes, asters
3. Homologues attach and form a tetrad

Question 14

Metaphase I

Answer 14

chromosome pairs are pulled to the equator by the spindle fibers

Question 15

Independent assortment

Answer 15

Chromosome pairs separate randomly during formation of gametes

Question 16

Anaphase I

Answer 16

Chromosomes pair are pulled to opposite poles.

Question 17

telophase I

Answer 17

1. Egg cells need to grow so the put the part back

2. Cytokineses divides the cell

Question 18

Meiosis II

Answer 18

PMAT II similar to mitois

Question 19

polar body

Answer 19

3 smaller unused eggs

Question 20

Meiosis (I & II)

Answer 20

process to make gametes

Question 21

Cancer

Answer 21

uncontrolled cell reproduction

Question 22

benign

Answer 22

a noncancerous lump of tissue (tumor)

Question 23

malignant

Answer 23

a cancer that is reproducing and spreading into nearby tissue

Question 24

metastasis

Answer 24

the process where a malignant cancer cell has relocated at a new site.

Question 25

carcinogens

Answer 25

agents that cause cancer

ex. radiation(energy), wood dust, cigarettes, arsenic, asbestos, benzene, soots, tars, & oil

Question 26

oncogenes

Answer 26

genes that cause cancer

Question 27

chemotherapy

Answer 27

chemicals that stop DNA replication/cell division
side effects: kills other cells
hair falls out (skin), tired (blood), throw up(stomach)

Question 28

radiation therapy

Answer 28

parts of the body with cancerous tumors are exposed to high-energy radiation, which disrupts cell division