domain archaea

Question 1

who discovered that we can put bacteria and archaea into 2 dif groups

Answer 1

Carl woese

Question 2

list the domains in the 3 domain system

Answer 2

eukarya, bacteria, archaea

Question 3

list the shared characteristics of archaea and bacteria

Answer 3

prokaryotic, no membrane-bound organelles, circular DNA molecule, cocci and bacilli are most common shapes, size is roughly the same

Question 4

members of domain archaea are known as ___ (hint: think where they live)

Answer 4

extremophiles

Question 5

why are archaea extremophiles

Answer 5

they’re lovers of extreme environments, ie hot/boiling water springs

Question 6

T or F: all archaea live in extreme environments

Answer 6

false; some inhabit temperate and tropical soils and waters, and they’re part of our normal human flora

Question 7

other than extreme environments, describe where archaea live

Answer 7

temperate and tropical soils and waters, and they’re part of our normal human flora

Question 8

T or F: some archaea are capable of producing endospores that aid in their survival in harsh conditions

Answer 8

false; no archaeons have been known to produce endospores, only gram pos bacteria

Question 9

how many phyla of archaea are there

Answer 9

3

Question 10

T or F: no pathogenic archaea have been discovered

Answer 10

true

Question 11

list the common structures found in both bacteria and archaea

Answer 11

PM, ribosome, inclusions, nucleoid, periplasmic space, fumbriae/pili, flagella, cytoskeletal elements

Question 12

which structures do bacteria and archaea share, but have differences between

Answer 12

PM, ribosomes, nucleoid, fimbriae/pili, and flagella

Question 13

describe how bacteria and archaea differ in the chemical structure of the PM

Answer 13

b: hydrocarbons of phospholipid attached to glycerol via ester linkage

a: attached via ether linkage

Question 14

benefit of ether linkage in archaea phospholipids?

Answer 14

ether bond is more resistant to both chemicals and heat, so this helps the organism survive/live in extreme environments

Question 15

describe how bacteria and archaea differ in the physical structure of the PM

Answer 15

b: unbranched fatty acids, bilayer

a: branched fatty acids, monolayer

Question 16

benefit of archaea having branched fatty acids + monolayer?

Answer 16

branched = allows the ones that live in cold environments to have a fluid membrane

monolayer = more stable at higher temperatures

Question 17

describe how bacteria and archaea differ in their ribosomes

Answer 17

both have 70S ribosome, but they differ in the types of rRNA and proteins that make them up

Question 18

describe how bacteria and archaea differ in their nucleoid

Answer 18

some archaea are polyploid: multiple chromosomes or more than one copy

many archaea use histones while bacteria have NAPs to compact DNA

Question 19

benefit of archaea forming nucleosomes via histones?

Answer 19

protects DNA from heat, prevents chromosome from denaturing

Question 20

describe how bacteria and archaea differ in their pili

Answer 20

in archaea, there are cannulea and hami

Question 21

structure of cannulae pili

Answer 21

hollow and tube like structure

Question 22

function of cannulae

Answer 22

attach or keep cells together after cell division

Question 23

structure of hami pili

Answer 23

grappling hook

Question 24

function of hami

Answer 24

involved in attaching archaeons to surfaces

Question 25

describe how bacteria and archaea differ in their flagella

Answer 25

thinner, not hollow, only some have hooks, no basal bodies, no Mot proteins at the base, uses ATP hydrolysis to move instead of PMF

Question 26

T or F: all archaea have a cell wall

Answer 26

false; only some do

Question 27

T or F: archaea cell wall is made of peptidoglycan

Answer 27

false; peptidoglycan is not a component

Question 28

list the types of archaea cell walls

Answer 28

1. S layer 2. protein sheath over the S layer 3. polysaccharide cell wall 4. pseudomurein and S layer 5. glycocalyx

Question 29

what is pseudomurein

Answer 29

false peptidoglycan

Question 30

how does pseudomurein differ from peptidoglycan

Answer 30

only has L amino acids instead of L and D, and NAM is not present (also different bonds join the backbone sugars together)

Question 31

do penicillin and lysozyme affect archaea? why or why not

Answer 31

no, because there is no peptidoglycan cell wall in archaea

Question 32

T or F; archaea have capsules

Answer 32

false; this is not common