domain eukarya

Question 1

what are the two main groups in domain eukarya

Answer 1

protists and fungi

Question 2

which type of organisms contain ribosomes

Answer 2

both pro and eu

Question 3

where in the cell are ribosomes found

Answer 3

free in the cytosol or bound to the ER (RER for eukaryotes or nuclear envelope)

Question 4

what do ribosomes do

Answer 4

site of protein synthesis

Question 5

what are the ribosome subunits

Answer 5

30 + 50 = 70 for pro
40 + 60 = 80 for eu

Question 6

what organism types have golgi bodies

Answer 6

eukaryotes only

Question 7

function of golgi apparatus

Answer 7

packing and transporting cell materials

Question 8

what system is the golgi apart of

Answer 8

endomembrane system

Question 9

what fun thing does the structure of the golgi have

Answer 9

a cis and trans face

Question 10

what organism types have a cell wall

Answer 10

both eu and pro

Question 11

where in the cell in the cell wall located

Answer 11

exterior to the PM

Question 12

what is the cell wall made of

Answer 12

peptidoglycan = pro, chitin and cellulose = eu

Question 13

function of cell wall

Answer 13

maintain cell shape

Question 14

do archaea have a cell wall

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what do archaea have instead of a cell wall

Answer 15

their outer layers have lots of variation, none of which are made of peptidoglycan

Question 16

what is the cell wall made of in protists

Answer 16

silica or calcium carbonate

Question 17

which cell types have a nucleolus

Answer 17

eukaryotes only

Question 18

where in the cell is the nucleolus

Answer 18

within the nucleus

Question 19

function of the nucleolus

Answer 19

produces ribosomal subunits and rRNa, and it’s the site of ribosomal subunit assembly

Question 20

which organism types have lysosomes

Answer 20

eukaryotes only

Question 21

function of lysosomes

Answer 21

helps in the elimination of dead and non functioning organelles, brings in food via phagocytic vacuole (ie used for breaking down food)

Question 22

what makes lysosomes able to break things down

Answer 22

contains protons (acidic), and hydrolytic enzymes (ie hydrolases)

Question 23

what is the lysosome surrounded by

Answer 23

a single membrane

Question 24

what type of organisms have smooth ER

Answer 24

eukaryotes only

Question 25

function of smooth ER

Answer 25

synthesis of lipids, detoxification, stores Ca, transports materials

Question 26

T or F: smooth ER has ribosomes

Answer 26

false; has no ribosomes

Question 27

what types of organisms have cytoskeleton

Answer 27

both pro and eu

Question 28

function of cytoskeleton

Answer 28

maintains cell structure, gives cell its shape, keeps organelles bound in the cell

Question 29

structure of cytoskeleton

Answer 29

eu: actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules pro: has homologues of these structures

Question 30

what types of organisms have nucleus

Answer 30

eukaryotes only

Question 31

function of nucleus

Answer 31

stores genetic material, controls cell activities, site of replication and transcription, contains pores for nuclear export, contains nucleolus

Question 32

what is the nuclear envelope

Answer 32

the inner and outer membrane of the nucleus

Question 33

what types of organisms have a rough ER

Answer 33

eukaryotes only

Question 34

function of rough ER

Answer 34

site of protein synthesis, transports material to the golgi

Question 35

what is the rough ER

Answer 35

an internal membrane system that's part of the endomembrane system. It's continuous with the nuclear envelope and studded with ribosomes

Question 36

what types of organisms have cilia

Answer 36

eukaryotic only

Question 37

structure of cilia within the cell

Answer 37

protrude from the cell and is surrounded by the PM. Forms hairlike structures on the outside of the cell

Question 38

function of cilia

Answer 38

helps in cell movement, traps bacteria/pathogens, aids in adhesion

Question 39

what are cilia made of

Answer 39

microtubules

Question 40

what types of organelles have mitochondria

Answer 40

eukaryotes only

Question 41

function of mitochondria

Answer 41

produces ATP, Krebs cycle and ETC happens here

Question 42

what special thing do mitochondria have

Answer 42

70S ribosomes and a circular form of DNA

Question 43

what types of organisms have chloroplasts

Answer 43

eukaryotes only

Question 44

function of chloroplasts

Answer 44

traps light in chlorophyll and converts light energy into chemical energy in photosynthesis. Thylakoid lumen and membrane are involved in the light reaction

Question 45

structure of chloroplasts

Answer 45

inner and outer membrane, thylakoid stacks (grana) and stroma, and 70S ribosomes

Question 46

what types of organisms have nucleoid

Answer 46

prokaryotes only

Question 47

function of nucleoid

Answer 47

contains a circular bacterial chromosome

Question 48

is the nucleoid membrane bound

Answer 48

no

Question 49

describe the dna in the nucleoid

Answer 49

compact with the use of nucleoid associated proteins

Question 50

what organisms have flagella

Answer 50

both pro and eu

Question 51

function of flagella

Answer 51

helps in movement and motility (swarming, runs and tumbled)

Question 52

orientation of flagella in bacteria

Answer 52

peri, amphi, lopho, and monotrichous

Question 53

structure of flagella

Answer 53

filament, hook, basal body

Question 54

what is the flagella made of

Answer 54

bacteria: flagellin eu: microtubules

Question 55

what organism types have a PM

Answer 55

both pro and eu

Question 56

function of PM

Answer 56

manages cellular traffic, cell shape, and osmotic stress

Question 57

structure of PM

Answer 57

phospholipid bilayer (made of glycerol and fatty acids), contains peripheral and integral membrane proteins, cholesterol (animals only) or hopanoids (bacteria only), sphingolipids (eu only)

Question 58

what two organelles have their own 70S ribosomes

Answer 58

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 59

what is endosymbiotic theory

Answer 59

organelles within the cells of eukaryotes such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, had descended from independent bacteria that came to live symbiotically within other cells