Domestication

Question 1

Consistent changes from domestication include

Answer 1

early decrease in size, later increase (mammals) early increase in size (birds)
decreased flight distance from people
coat and plumage color changes (this relates to behaviour) retention of neotenic characters
decrease in cranial capacity
increased genetic variability,
increased rate of increase in genetic variability

Question 2

Domestication

Answer 2

taming, partnership with genetic change
biological and cultural phenomenon

Question 3

List basic characteristics of a species that lead to ease of domestication

Answer 3

Characteristics of some wild species favor existence close to humans. Failure in any one of these usually results in no domestication.

diet: usually herbivorous or omnivorous
growth rate: the faster the better
easily reproduced in captivity (polygamy, no elaborate courtship) disposition (not too nasty or aggressive)
limited tendency to panic
social structure: herds, defined dominance pattern, overlapping
ranges rather than exclusive territories.

Question 4

Wild animals

Answer 4

have subspecies - domestics fit poorly into normal taxonomy

Question 5

breeds

Answer 5

similar enough to be grouped together and produce a similar product

Question 6

standardized breed

Answer 6

conform to a standard, genetic isolation by design

Question 7

industrial stock

Answer 7

subset of genetic breed, scientifically selected for great performance,
narrow environment (poultry, swine, dairy cows)

Question 8

landrace

Answer 8

isolated by default (culture/geography/communication) no standard - Feral = domestic-> free living state, will never be wild (small brain forever)

Question 9

basal breeds

Answer 9

village dogs = variable (others gone thru bottleneck) AKA Ferals
short hair/tan/curly tail/erect ears/ rare- ancient

Question 10

sight hounds

Answer 10

Ancient, large lean, big eyes, chasing, silent, intelligent no pain, liver rare

Question 11

scent hounds

Answer 11

smooth coat, lop ears, nosy (bay) when chasing, liver rare

Question 12

pointers

Answer 12

large lean, bird dog, freeze, liver common, will eye and stalk

Question 13

retrievers

Answer 13

large heavy, moderate lop, straight tail, 3 colors, obedient

Question 14

spaniels

Answer 14

pointing/retrieving, medium, long hair, lop, liver common, dock tails

Question 15

terriers

Answer 15

wire/smooth coat, tough, dock tails, rats/foxes, self destruct in groups
will crush/kill/bite and consume

Question 16

fighters

Answer 16

selected for aggression, large, short hair, small lop,

Question 17

herders

Answer 17

controlled predation, British headers/heelers, continental breeds- Boundary
will eye, stalk, chase, grab/bite

Question 18

livestock guardians

Answer 18

large heavy, long hair, white, small lop, non-predatory instincts, ancient
not trainable independent decisions

Question 19

mastiffs

Answer 19

large shorthair, no white, vary use - guard, fight, draft, companions

Question 20

spitz

Answer 20

variable size/coat/behavior, stiff hair, curled tail, erect ears

Question 21

giants

Answer 21

huge loose skin, draft/rescue

Question 22

toys/pets

Answer 22

variety and companionship

Question 23

Sheep goals

Answer 23

meat/milk/packing/fiber - turn grass into human uses

Question 24

Sheep changes

Answer 24

• Horns (size, shape, presence)- Tail length, shorter/thicker leg bones, color, fat deposits (rump/tail) - wool variation

Question 25

Short tails in

Answer 25

scandinavia and south india

Question 26

thin long tails in

Answer 26

india/europe/ NW africa

Question 27

fat tail in

Answer 27

asia/afria/arabia

Question 28

fat rump in

Answer 28

central asia and horn of africa

Question 29

goats are the

Answer 29

first domesticated ruminant

Question 30

rank of twisty horns from least to most

Answer 30

scandinavian, british, swiss, mediterranean

Question 31

african dwarf and long legged goats

Answer 31

travel, less grass, less parasite

Question 32

products if cows

Answer 32

- milk, meat, leather, draft, horns (plastic), manure, fertilizer, fuel, manure bricks, bank account and wealth symbol, bride price, sacrifice COW POX

Question 33

• Discuss the consequences of hog management and selection for production and welfare.

Answer 33

They eat trash and when they were eradicated towns smelled SCAVENGERS With pigs gone more charcoal production,(trees removed -> landslides hurricanes Changes!! Concave face, curly tail, lop Fatness first then leanness (wild type) welfare bc skinny = unhappy Bacon type= large long no muscle Lard = cobby, fat, thick Meat = long thick muscular

Question 34

Describe the selection pressures of animals for transport purposes.

Answer 34

Keep some wild adaptations - low repro rates for harsher landscapes Goals: Riding packing draft, meat milk Camels replaced the wheel in egpyt Bactrian fiber occasionally.

Question 35

Describe the consequences of selection of birds for egg production.

Answer 35

First selected for cockfighting and religion THEN meat and eggs Ducks form eggs in under 24 hours vs hens in just over 24 hours

Question 36

castrated goat, sheep

Answer 36

wether

Question 37

castrated pig

Answer 37

barrow

Question 38

castrated horse, donkey, camel, llama

Answer 38

gelding

Question 39

castrated mule

Answer 39

john mule

Question 40

female mule

Answer 40

molly mule

Question 41

male donkey and female donkey

Answer 41

jack and jenny

Question 42

young llama/alpaca

Answer 42

cria

Question 43

castrated fowl

Answer 43

capon

Question 44

castrated turkey

Answer 44

hokie lol

Question 45

male goose

Answer 45

gander

Question 46

groups of domestic animals are

Answer 46

pack= dogs flock for sheep and birds (gaggle for goose) herd for everyone else