Donor Requirements/Reactions/Testing Flashcards
1
Q
A unit of whole blood donated by an indivudal for his/her own future surgery
A
Autologous donation
2
Q
When a patient selects his/her own blood donor(s) for an anticipated, non-emergenc transfusion
A
Directed donation
3
Q
When a donor gives blood for storage at a blood bank for transfusion to an unknown recipient
A
Allogeneic/homologous donoation
4
Q
Autologous whole blood donation interval
A
3 days but no sooner than 72 hours
5
Q
Whole blood donation interval
A
8 weeks (56 days)
6
Q
Double red donation interval
A
16 weeks
7
Q
Platelet apheresis donation interval
- Maximum times per week? Per year?
A
At least 2 days b/w donations
- Maximum 2x per week, 24x per year
8
Q
“Occasional” plasmapheresis donation interval
A
No more than once in 4 weeks
9
Q
“Serial” plasmapheresis donation interval
A
At least 2 days b/w donations, maximum of 2x per week, maximum of 104x per year
10
Q
Platelet apheresis
- Deferral time for aspirin consumption
A
No aspirin w/in 2 days
11
Q
Platelet apheresis
- minimum platelet count for donor
A
150,000
12
Q
Autologous donation
- Minimum age
A
Any age
13
Q
Autologous donation
- Minimum weight
A
?
14
Q
Autologous donation
- Minimum temperature
A
?
15
Q
Autologous donation
- Minimum pulse
A
?
16
Q
Autologous donation
- Minimum blood pressure
A
?
17
Q
Autologous donation
- Minimum hemoglobin
- Minimum hematocrit
A
- Hemoglobin: 11.0g
- Hematocrit: 33%
18
Q
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum age
A
≥ 16 years old; no upper limit
19
Q
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum weight
A
≥ 110 pounds
20
Q
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum temperature
A
39.5C (99.5F)
21
Q
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum pulse
A
50-100 bpm
22
Q
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum blood pressure
A
- Systolic: ≤ 180 mmHg
- Diastolic: ≤ 100 mmHg
23
Q
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum hemoglobin
- Minimum hematocrit
A
- Hemoglobin: ≥ 12.5g
- Hemacrit: ≥ 38%
24
Q
Deferral period for toxoids, synthetic or killed viral or bacterial vaccines: anthrax, Hep A, Hep B, influenza virus, tetanus, polio (killed virus)
A
None
25
Deferral period for rubeola, mumps, polio, typhoid, yellow fever vaccines
2 weeks
26
Deferral period for
- Rubella vaccine
- Chickenpox vaccine
4 weeks
27
Deferral period for
| - Taking aspirin if wanting to donate platelets
48 hours
28
Deferral period for
| - West Nile Virus
14 day deferral after asymptomatic
29
Deferral period following pregnancy
6 weeks
30
Deferral period if previously having traveled to malarial endemic areas
1 year
31
Defferal period for
- Having rec'd blood transfusion, oral or tissue transplant
- Close contact w/ viral hepatitis
- Tattos, skin piercings
- Acupuncture
- Treated for STD
- Prison
- HBIG
- You pay for sex, sex w/ men who have had sex w/ men
1 year
32
Deferral period for positive tests for:
- HIV
- HBsAg
- HCV
- Anti-HBc
- Anti-HTLV
Permanent
33
Deferral period for
- History of cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, hemophilia, von Willebrand's disease, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia,
- Tegison (drug),
- Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease,
- Chagas disease,
- Babeosis,
- unexplained jaundice,
- IV drug user,
- You are a prostitute, or you're a male who had sex w/ another male
Permanent
34
Deferral period for
| - SARS infections and Zika Virus
28 day deferral after asymptomatic
35
Deferral period for
| - Immigrants from malarial area
3 years
36
List at least 10 reasons for a permanent deferral
- Hx of any positive test for HIV, HCV, or AIDS
- Hx of hepatitis after age 11
- Confirmed positive test for HBsAg or repeatedly positive for anti-HBc, anti-HTLV
- Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Hx of cancer, leukemia, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia
- Illegal IV drug use (sharing needles)
- Babesosis or Chagas disease
- Family hx of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Tegison (teratogenic drug)
- Treated w/ growth hormones
37
Describe the procedure for a whole blood donation including arm prep, blood collection, and post-phlebotomy care instructions for the donor
- Inspect both arms for track marks
- Disinfect are to be stuck w/ alcohol and/or iodine solution for designated time
- Stick patient; collect tubes for testing
- Mix blood occasionally as it's being collected; stop collection at 525 mL max
- Remove needle; apply pressure
- Direct donor to refreshment area
- Strip tubing and make into segments w/ donor unit; send 1-6C cooler to IN Blood Center
38
Mild donor reactions
| - Symptoms
- Anxiety
- Decreased blood pressure
- Nausea
- Sweating/pallor
- Increased pulse
- Increased respirations
39
Mild donor reactions
| - Treatment
- Elevate feet higher than head
- Loosen clothing
- Apply cold cloths to head/neck
- Breathe into paper bag (for hyperventilation)
40
Moderate donor reactions
| - Symptoms
- Loss of consciousness
- Decreased blood pressure
- Decreased pulse
- Rapid respirations
41
Moderate donor reactions
| - Treatment
- Check vital signs frequently
- Administer oxygen
- Maintain privacy of donor
42
Severe donor reactions
| - Symptoms
- Convulsions (tetany) → cerebral ischemia, marked hyperventilation, epilepsy
- Tingling in fingers
43
Severe donor reactions
| - Treatment
- Call for help
- Remove needle if possible
- Keep donor from harming self
- Keep open airways
44
Localized collection of blood under skin, caused by the needle going through the vein, w/ subsequent leakage of blood
Hematoma
45
How to treat a hematoma
- Remove needle
- Apply pressure and raise arm above heart
- Apply ice for 5 minutes
46
Which donor reaction is only seen during apheresis donations
Citrate toxicity
47
Citrate toxicity
- From anticoagulant infused when blood is returned to the donor
- Hypocalcemia occurs causing tingling sensation of mouth and/or fingers
- Counteract w/ calcium supplements before or duing donation
48
After collection, place blood in a cooler at ____ ____ if platelets are being made
Room temperature (20-24C)
49
After collection, place blood in a cooler at ____ for all other components
1-6C
50
List the 3 blood bank serology tests required on every donate unit blood
- ABO, Rh (including Weak D)
| - Ab screen
51
What action is required is required by the blood center or hospital lab when reactive or discrepant results are obtained during donor testing
- Confirmed reactives for HIV or hepatitis testing will become permanently deferred donors; previous donations will be pulled and retested
- West Nile Virus → 120 day deferral
- Chagas → indefinite deferral
- CMV positive → no deferral but not used for patients needing CMV negative
- Ab screen positive → plasma products are not used for transfusions; RBCs ok to use
52
List the tests performed at the hospital blood bank on donor blood upon receipt from the blood center
ABO type on ALL units
- Anti-AB can be used to test group O donors
- Anti-A and Anti-B must both be used to test group A, group B and Group AB donors
Rh type required for Rh negative units only
- IS testing w/ anti-D only; no weak D required and no Rh control required
53
List the 8 infectious disease tests required on every donated unit of blood
- Syphilis
- HBsAg
- Anti-HBc
- Anti-HCV (nucleic acid testing)
- Anti-HIV 1/2 (nucleic acid testing)
- West Nile Virus (nucleic acid testing)
- Anti-HTLV-I/II
- Zika Virus
54
List 2 additional tests that may be performed on donor blood by the collection facility but are not FDA required
- Chagas
| - CMV
55
Most fainting donor reactions are psychological vasovagal responses due to what 3 things?
- Sight of blood
- Sight of needles
- Nervousness
56
HBIG injections
- Why given then injection?
- Deferral period?
- HBIG injection is given to someone when there's been an accidental exposure to human blood, usually via needlestick ro blod splash into mucosal areas
- B/c of exposure to blood, there's a 12-month deferral
57
Hep B vaccine
- Why given the vaccine?
- Deferral period?
- Hep B vaccine is a preventative vaccine, often given at a pre-employment physical
- No exposure to blood, so no deferral period
58
What is the first step in treating any suspected donor reaction?
STOP THE DONATION!
59
Whole blood donations must be deferred for at least _ days after hemapheresis (plasma/platelet/leukapheresis)
2 days
60
The amount of whole blood volume permitted at one collection including the samples for processing can be no more than ____
10.5 mL/kg (525 mL)
61
Prospective donors should be deferred if they have been transfused w/ human blood or blood components during the preceding (i.e., how long is deferral)
12 months
