Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Liz's Blood Bank Module 2 > Transfusion Reactions > Flashcards

Transfusion Reactions Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Diverse group of unfavorable transfusion related events taht occur during or after transfusion of blood and blood components

A

Transfusion reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which transfusion rxn occurs w/ the transfusion of incompatible RBCs (most common) or plasma products that is immune mediated and results in intravascular or extravascular hemolysis?

A

Hemolytic transfusion reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which transfusion rxn occurs where the immune system is a common pathway but intravascular and extravascular hemolysis doesn’t occur?

A

Nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Immediate/acute transfusion rxn occurs when?

A

During or w/in 24 hours of transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Delayed transfusion rxn occurs when?

A

Several days to weeks after transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the two hemolytic reactions

A
  1. Acute intravascular (ABO Abs)

2. Delayed extravascular (IgG Abs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the 5 immediate nonhemolytic rxns

A
  1. Febrile
  2. Allergic/anaphylactic
  3. TRALI
  4. TACO
  5. Bacterial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the 5 delayed nonhemolytic rxns

A
  1. Alloimmunization
  2. Post transfusion purpura (PTP)
  3. Transfusion-related GVHD
  4. Iron overload
  5. Disease transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Abs associated w/ IHTRs and DHTRs

A

IHTRs: intravascular → IgM (ABO)
DHTRs: extravascular → IgG (Rh, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, SsU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common cause of preventable hemolytic transfusion reactions?

A

Clerical error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bedside procedures in the event of a suspected transfusion reaction (8)

A
  1. STOP TRANSFUSION
  2. Clerical check
  3. Call MD
  4. Call BB
  5. Draw EDTA
  6. Send EDTA, donor bag, tubing paperwork, and order to BB
  7. Send 1st UA if AHTR is suspected
  8. Keep IV lines open
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe steps to follow in a lab investigation of a suspected transfusion reaction

A
  • Clerical check and attached solution
  • Centrifuge post-transfusion sample to assess for visual hemoglobinemia (compre to pre-transfusion sample)
  • DAT performed on post-transfusion EDTA sampel
  • Additional workup based on results of the above 3 items AND clinical symptoms of patient
  • Perform DAT
  • If >2°C temp rise, send bag to micro for culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why will a DAT will be either positive or negative in an acute HTR?

A

Negative if there is not an Ab-Ag rexn and positive if there is!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of the DAT when an acute or delayed HTR has occurred?

A

Positive/hemolyzed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain why a IAT on a post-reaction serum sample may be negative following the infusion of Ag positive blood to an individual w/ corresponding Ab

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common transfusion-associated disease

A

Hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If a patient should come down with Hepatitiis or HIV suspected to be due to blood transfusion, the hospital should follow a reporting process. Hospital > notifies Blood center > notifies donor > gets retested > and Blood center > notifies hospital of results > notifies other facilities that used products

A

“Look-back” process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 2 tests are diagnostic for a transfusion reaction?

A
  • DAT

- Visual hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Abnormally rapid heart rate

A

Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Shortness of breath (SOB)

A

Dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

FNHTR

A

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TRALI

A

Transfusion related acute lung injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TACO

A

Transfusion associated circulatory overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PTP

A

Post-transfusion (thrombocytopenic) purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
TA-GVHD
Transfusion-associated graft vs. host disease
26
A rash of round, red welts on the skin that itches intensely, sometimes w/ dangerous swelling, caused by an allergic reaction, typically to specific foods
Urticaria
27
Unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch. It's a characteristic feature of many skin diseases and an unusual sign of some systemic diseases
Pruritis
28
Superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilation of the blood capillaries
Erythema
29
An immune response generated in an individual or strain of one species by an alloantigen from a different individual or strain of the same species
Alloimmunization
30
Accumulation of iron in the liver and/or heart but also endocrine organs, in patients who recieve frequent blood transfusions (such as those w/ thalassemia, sickle cell disease, aplastic anemia or MDS)
Transfusion hemosiderosis
31
"White-out" caused by changes in permeability of the pulmonary capillary membrane as a result of either a direct or an indirect pathologic insult
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
32
Condition that occurs due to a rapid transfusion of a large volume of blood
Circulatory overload
33
Therapy for an allergic reaction
Antihistamines (Benadryl)
34
Therapy for febrile reaction
Acetaminophen
35
Therapy for anaphylactic reaction
Epinephrine
36
Therapy for febrile reaction w/ ↓ platelets
Acetaminophen
37
Therapy for bacterial contamination reaction
Broad spectrum antibiotics
38
Therapy for urticaria reaction
Antihistamines (Benadryl)
39
Therapy for iron overload
Desferrioxamine (iron-chelating agent)
40
Cause of immediate HTR
ABO Abs
41
Therapy for TACO
- Oxygen therapy - Diuretics/digoxin - Slow transfusion
42
Cause of delayed HTR
Anti-Jka
43
Cause of febrile reaction
HLA Abs present in patient's plasma
44
Cause of allergic reaction
Patient's reaction to transfused plasma proteins of donor
45
Cause fo anaphylactic reaction
Recipient lacks IgA and has anti-IgA Abs
46
Cause of TRALI
Donor or recipient has anti-HLA Abs and female plasma donors (multiple pregnancies, therefore multiple exposures to foreign HLA/neutrophil Ags)
47
Cause of TACO
Transfusion is too fast → volume overload
48
Cause of bacterial contamination
- Yersinia enterocolitica (most common), E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp. prefer to grow in RBCs - GPCs (Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) like the warm environment provided by platelets
49
Cause of post-transfusion purpura (PTP)
Involves Ab to platelet Ag, usually HPA-1A (almost everyone positive for Ag) → anti-PL^A1
50
Cause of TA-GVHD
Donor T lymphocytes attack recipient
51
Cause of iron overload
Complication of long-term RBC transfusions → "transfusion hemosiderosis"
52
Alternate name for immediate HTR
Acute intravascular reaction
53
Alternate name for delayed HTR
Delayed extravascular reaction
54
Alternate name for febrile reaction
FNHTR
55
Alternate name for allergic reaction
Urticarial reaction
56
Alternate name for TRALI
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
57
Alternate name for TACO
Circulatory overload
58
Alternate name for iron overload
Transfusion hemosiderosis
59
Blood product for delayed HTR
Ag negative RBCs
60
Blood product for febrile reaction
Leukoreduced products
61
Blood product for allergic reaction
Washed or frozen RBCs
62
Blood product for anaphylactic reaction
Washed or deglyc'd RBCs or IgA deficient products
63
Blood product for TRALI
Plasma from male donors
64
Blood product for TA-GVHD
Irradiated products
65
Fever, bleeding, tachycardia, hypotension, low back pain, dyspnea, hemoglobinuria, feeling of "impending doom", death
Immediate hemolytic
66
Fever/chils, mild jaundice, anemia
Delayed hemolytic
67
↑ temperature > or equal to 1°C or 2°F, chills
Febrile (non-hemolytic)
68
Urticaria, pururitis, flushing
Allergic reaction
69
Severe dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension
Anaphylactic
70
Dyspena, chills, fever, HYPOtensive, pulmonary edema, "white out"
TRALI
71
Dyspnea, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, HYPERtension
TACO
72
Rapid onset of high fever, sepsis (bacteremia w/ concomitant hypotension, DIC), violent rigors, dyspnea, shock, death
Bacterial contamination
73
Thrombocytopenia
Post-transfusion purpura (PTP)
74
Skin (rash and/or sloughing off of skin), GI (diarrhea), BM (pancytopenia), Hepatitis, dermatitis, enteritis
TA-GVHD
75
Accumulation of iron affects function of heart, liver, and endocrine glands
Iron overload
76
LAB: DAT+, hemoglobinemia, ↑ bili and LDH, ↓ haptoglobin, hemoglobinuria
Immediate hemolytic
77
LAB: DAT+, IAT+, spherocytes
Delayed hemolytic
78
Febrile (nonhemolytic), allergic, anaphylactic, TRALI, TACO, and TA-GVHD are ONLY DAT ____
Negative
79
LAB: product discolored, patient DAT negative, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, and culture product positive
Bacterial contamination
80
LAB: extremely low platelet count, DAT negative
PTP
81
LAB: DAT negative, diagnosed w/ ferritin levels
Iron overload

Liz's Blood Bank Module 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions