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DPC Cardio Flashcards

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1
Q

Omega 3 Acid

A

Lovaza, AntiHLD
Hypertriglyceridemia 4g QD (or divided BID)
Inhibition of acylCoA
Indigestion, taste alterations, rash, burping

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2
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

Lopid, AntiHLD
Coronary arteriosclerosis, familial typeV hyperlipoproteinemia 600mg BID
Activate PRARalpha
Indigestion, abdominal pain, arterial fib, constipation

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3
Q

Fenofibrate

A

Tricor, Lofibra AntiHLD
Hypercholesterolemia 160mg QD
Deactivates PPARalpha
Hyperhomocysteine, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, HA

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4
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Zetia, antiHLD
Familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed and primary hypercholesterolemia 10mg QD
Localized brush border in small intestine and inhibits absorption
Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, HA

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5
Q

Colesevelam

A

Welchol, hypolidpidemic, bile acid sequestrant
Primary and familial hyperlipidema, T2DM 1875mg BID or 3750mg QD
Binds intestinal bile acids
Constipation, asthenia, nasopharyngitis, myalgia

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6
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Lipitor, HMG-CoA reductase
HLD 10-20mg QD (max 80mg)
Primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis 20-40mg QD
Secondary prevention of CV events 80mg QD
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
Myopathy, diarrhea, HA, increased liver enzymes, indigestion

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7
Q

Simvastatin

A

Zocor, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
HLD 20-40mg QD
Primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis 20-40mg QD
Secondary prevention of CV events 5-40mg QD
HMG-CoA reductase inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, HA

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8
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

Crestor, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
HLD 10-20mg QD
Disorder of CV system, primary prophylaxis 10-20mg
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
Arthralgia, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, indigestion

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9
Q

Pravastatin

A

Pravachol, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Primary or secondary arteriosclerosis prevention 40mg QD
Familial hypercholesterolemia 40mg QD
HLD 40mg QD (max 80mg)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
HA, heartburn, increased liver enzymes, influenza-like symptoms

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10
Q

Lovastatin

A

Altoprev, Mevacor, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Coronary arteriosclerosis 10-80mg QD
Familial hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous) 10-40mg QD
HMG-CoA reductase inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, HA, increased liver enzymes

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11
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A 
Esidrix, antiHTN, thiazide
Edema 25-100mg QD 
HTN 50-100mg QD 
Increase Na and Cl excretion 
Hypotension, dizziness, HA, constipation, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia
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12
Q

Chlorthalidone

A

Hygroton, Thalitone, thiazide diuretic
HTN 25mg QD
Edema 50mg QD (max 200mg QD)
Increase Na and Cl excretion by interfering with reabsorption in cortical diluting segment of nephron
Dizziness, hypotension, hyperuricemia, anorexia, diarrhea, HA, SIADH

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13
Q

Furosemide

A

Lasix, loop diuretic
Edema 20-80mg QD (max 600mg QD)
HTN 40mg BID
Decreases Na reabsorption by competing for Cl site on Na-K-Cl cotransporter
Hyperuricemia, asthenia, constipation, HA, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesium

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14
Q

Triamterene/HCTZ

A

Dyazide, Maxzide, Potassium sparing/thiazide diuretic
Edema 37.5/25mg 1-2 tabs QD
HTN 37.5/25mg 1 tab QD
Hypotension, dizziness, HA, altered sense of taste, cramps, constipation, diarrhea

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15
Q

Spironolactone

A 
Aldactone, Potassium sparing diuretic 
Heart Failure 12.5-25mg QD (max 50mg) 
Edema 100mg QD (max 400mg) 
Nephrotic syndrome 100mg QD (max 400mg) 
HTN 50-100mg (max 400mg) 
Hypokalemia 25-100mg QD 
Steroidal competitive aldosterone antagonist blocks Na-K exchange 
Breast tenderness, diarrhea, disorder of menstruation, gastritis
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16
Q

Benazepril

A

Lotensin, ACEI, antiHTN
HTN 20-40mg QD (max 80mg)
Competitive ACE inhibitor
Diarrhea, dizziness, dry cough, fatigue, HA

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17
Q

Enalapril

A

Vasotec, ACEI, antiHTN
Heart failure 20-40mg QD (divided)
HTN 5mg QD (max 40mg)
Kidney disease (nondiabetic) 5mg QD (max 20mg QD)
Prodrug, competitive ACEI, reduces serum aldosterone
Increased SCr, diarrhea, dry cough, fatigue, HA

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18
Q

Lisinopril

A 
Prinivil, Zestril, ACEI, antiHTN 
Acute myocardial infarction 5-10mg QD 
Heart failure 40mg QD 
HTN 80mg QD 
Competitive ACEI, reduces aldosterone 
Diarrhea, dizziness, dry cough, HA, hypotension
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19
Q

Quinapril

A

Accupril, ACEI, antiHTN
Heart failure 20-40mg BID
HTN 80mg QD
Competitive ACEI, reduces serum aldosterone
Diarrhea, dizziness, dry cough, fatigue, HA, hypotension

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20
Q

Ramipril

A

Altace, ACEI, antiHTN
Heart failure post-MI 5mg BID
HTN 2.5-20mg QD
Reduce risk of myocardial infarction 10mg QD
Competitive ACEI, prodrug
Diarrhea, dizziness, dry cough, HA, hypotension, hyperkalemia

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21
Q

Valsartan

A

Diovan, angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Heart failure 40mg BID (320mg QD)
HTN 80-160mg QD (320mg QD)
Myocardial infarction 20mg BID
Competitive antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor
Dizziness, back pain, diarrhea, drowsiness, HA, hyperkalemia, hypotension

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22
Q

Olmesartan

A

Benicar, angiotensin II receptor antagonist
HTN 20mg QD (40mg QD)
Competitive antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor
Back pain, dizziness, HA, hyperkalemia, hypotension

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23
Q

Losartan

A

Cozaar, angiotensin II receptor antagonist, antiHTN
HTN 25-100mg QD or BID
Reduce risk of cerebrovascular accident 100mg QD
Diabetic neuropathy 100mg QD
Competitive antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor
HA, anorexia, back pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia

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24
Q

Irbesartan

Study These Flashcards
A

Avapro, angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Diabetic nephropathy T2DM and HTN 300mg QD
HTN 150-300mg QD
Competitive antagonist of angiotensin II receptor
Hyperkalemia, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, HA, heartburn, hypotension

25
Hydralazine
Apresoline, peripheral vasodilator HTN 25mg QID Vasodilator that reduces total peripheral resistance by direct action on vascular smooth muscle Anorexia, chest pain, diarrhea, dizziness, HA, hypotension, nasal congestion
26
Propranolol
Inderal, B-adrenergic blocker (nonselective) Angina 80-320mg QD Cardiac dysrhythmia 10-30mg TID-QID HTN 240mg QD (divided) Migraine prophylaxis 240mg QD (divided) Block B1 and B2 receptors Hypotension, Bradyarrhythmias, bronchospasm, constipation, diarrhea
27
Nebivolol
Bystolic, B1 selective blocker (cardioselective) HTN 5mg QD (max 40mg QD) Long acting cardioselective B1 antagonist w/o intrinsic sympathomimetic activities Bradyarrhythmia, bronchospasm, disorder of glucose regulation, dizziness
28
Metoprolol succinate
Toprol, B-adrenergic blocker, cardioselective Angina 50mg BID or 100mg QD Heart failure 200mg QD HTN 450mg QD (divided) AMI 25-50mg q6h-q12h Cardioselective B-adrenergic blocker Dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, arthralgia, Bradyarrhythmia
29
Carvedilol
Coreg, a/b-adrenergic blocker Heart failure 25mg BID HTN 6.25mg BID (max 25mg) Impaired left ventricular function 25mg BID Selective for a and nonselective b adrenergic blocker that decreases AV node conduction Cold extremities, dizziness, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, hypotension, weight gain
30
Bisoprolol
Zebeta, cardioselective B-adrenergic blocker HTN 20mg QD Cardioselective beta blocker that decreases AV nodal conduction Bradyarrhythmia, cold extremities, dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, anorexia
31
Atenolol
Tenormin, cardioselective B-adrenergic blocker Angina 100-200mg QD HTN 100mg QD Cardioselective B-adrenergic that decreases AV node conduction Bradyarrhythmia, cold extremities, dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, depression
32
Amlodipine
Norvasc, CCB HTN 5-10mg QD Stable angina 5-10mg QD Variant angina 5-10mg QD Long acting dihydropyridine CCB with vasodilating properties Peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, abdominal pain, arthralgia, constipation
33
Diltiazem
Cardizem, Dilacor, Taztia, Tiazac, CCB HTN 360mg QD (ER-24h 540mg QD) Stable chronic angina 30mg QID Arterial arrhythmia 180-360mg QD Decreases HR, prolongs AV nodal conduction (negative inotropic properties) Edema, HA, bradycardia, constipation, dizziness, fatigue, HA
34
Felodipine
Plendil, CCB HTN 2.5-10mg BID or 10-20mg QD Dihydropyridine CCB with arterial and coronary vasodilating properties (increase sympathic tone) Peripheral edema, abdominal pain, arthralgia, constipation, dizziness
35
Nifedipine
Adalat, Procardia, CCB HTN 90mg QD Stable chronic angina 120mg QD Variant angina 120mg QD Ca influx inhibitor that selectively inhibits the transmembrane influx of Ca ions into cardiac muscle and smooth muscle Flushing, HA, peripheral edema, dizziness, constipation, fatigue
36
Verapamil
Calan, Isoptin, CCB Angina 80-120mg TID (ER 180mg QDHS) Atrial arrhythmia 240-320mg QD (divided) HTN 360-480mg QD Inhibits Ca slow channels on vascular smooth muscle and myocardium producing relaxation of muscle and vasodilation Gingival hyperplasia, Bradyarrhythmia, constipation, dizziness, fatigue, HA, hypotension
37
Terazosin
Hytrin, alpha-1 adrenergic blocker BPH 20mg QD HTN 20-40mg QD Selectively blocks postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenergic receptors- total peripheral resistance is reduced through arterial and venous dilation Asthenia, dizziness, dyspnea, HA, impotence, nausea
38
Doxazosin
Cardura, alpha-1 adrenergic blocker BPH 1-8mg QD (ER 8mg) HTN 1mg QD (max 16mg QD) Selectively blocks postsynaptic alpha-1 receptors, reducing peripheral resistance through arterial and venous dilation Asthenia, dizziness, edema, fatigue, HA, hypotension
39
Clonidine
Catapres, alpha-2 adrenergic agonist ADHD 0.1mg QHS HTN 0.2-0.6mg (divided) (max 2-4mg QD) Stimulates postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the CNS by activating inhibitory neurons Feeling nervous, HA, somnolence, erythema, xerostomia, bradycardia, constipation
40
Nitroglycerin
Nitrostat, Minitran, Nitro-Dur, nitrate, antianginal Angina prophylaxis 2.5-6.5mg TID-QID, sublingual 1 tab 5-10min Angina acute 1 tab (repeat q5min prn) Converted to NO which increases cyclic GMP and decreases intracellular Ca, direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle HA, bradycardia, drug tolerance, flushing, hypotension, light-headedness
41
Isosorbide mononitrate
Imdur, long acting nitrate, antianginal Angina prophylaxis 120-240mg QD Active 5-mononitrate metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate, increases cGMP and decreases intracellular Ca resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle Dizziness, HA, bradycardia, flushing, hypotension, nausea, orthostatic hypotension
42
Clopidogrel
Plavix, platelet aggregation inhibitor Acute ST elevation 75mg QD Thrombosis prevention 75mg QD Antiplatelet agent that prevents platelet aggregation by direct inhibition of ADP binding to receptor sites Arthralgia, backache, epistaxis, gastritis, HA, HTN
43
Warfarin
Coumadin, anticoagulant, vit K antagonist Multiple indications 2-10mg QD Prevents conversion of vit K back to its active form from vit K epoxide, impairs formation of vit K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X Bleeding, anemia, epistaxis, rash
44
Rivaroxaban
Xarelto, anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor Prevention of thrombosis w/ orthopedic surgery 10mg QD Prevention of thrombosis w/ nonvalvular afib 20mg QD Trt and prevention of DVT 20mg QD Factor Xa inhibitor that selectively blocks the active site of factor Xa Bleeding, peripheral edema, dizziness, HA, fatigue, bruising
45
Digoxin
Lanoxin, digitalis glycoside Afib 0.125-0.375mg QD Heart failure 0.125-0.375 QD Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia 0.125-0.5 QD Digitalis glycosides exert positive inotropic effects through improved availability of Ca to myocardial contractile elements Anorexia, confusion, diarrhea, dizziness, ECG changes, HA, nausea
46
Amiodarone
Cardarone, antiarrhythmic Ventricular arrhythmia 400-600mg QD Type III arrhythmic that prolongs the effective refractory period of atrial and ventricular tissue by blocking K conductance Nausea, vomiting, alopecia, Bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, increased LFTs
47
Bumetanide
Bumex, diuretic Edema 0.5-2mg QD (max 10mg QD) Inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle Dizziness, hypotenion, muscle cramps, weakness, impaired hearing, hypokalemia
48
Ezetimibe and Simvastatin
Vytorin, antiHLD 10/20mg QD HA, URI, influenzae
49
Guanfacine
Tenex, Intuniv, antiHTN/antipsychotic HTN 1mg QHS (max 3mg QD) ADHD 1-4mg QD Stimulates central alpha 2 adrenergic receptors and reduces vasomotor center in the CNS to the heart and blood vessels Dry mouth, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, constipation, HA, insomnia
50
Torsemide
``` Demadex, diuretic Edema 20mg QD HTN 5mg QD Inhibits the Na-K-Cl carrier system and increases excretion of Na, Cl, water Excessive urination ```
51
Amlodipine with benazepril
Lotrel, antiHTN HTN 1 cap QD Cough, HA, dizziness, edema, angioedema
52
Isosorbide dinitrate
Dilatrate, Isordil, nitrate/vasodilator, antianginal Angina prophylaxis 10-40mg BID-TID (max 480mg QD) Stimulates cGMP production, resulting in vascular smooth muscle relaxation Hypotension, HA, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
53
Lisinopril/HCTZ
Zestoretic, Prinzide, antiHTN HTN 1 tab QD (10-80/6.25-100mg) Dizziness, HA, fatigue, cough, diarrhea
54
Losartan/HCTZ
Hyzaar, antiHTN HTN 1 tab QD (25-100/12.5-100mg) URI, dizziness, cough, back pain
55
Olmesartan/HCTZ
Benicar-HCT, antiHTN HTN 20/12.5-50mg QD Dizziness, URI, hyperuricemia, nausea
56
Triamterene/HCTZ
Dyazide, Maxzide, diuretic Edema 1-2 doses BID HTN 1-2 doses QD Dry mouth, muscle cramps, nausea, weakness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
57
Valsartan/HCTZ
Diovan-HCT, antiHTN HTN 80-320mg QD (1 tab QD) Dizziness, viral infection, fatigue, pharyngitis
58
Metoprolol tartrate
Lopressor, antiHTN HTN 100-450mg QD Acute myocardial infarction 25-50mg q6h Cardioselective B-1 adrenergic receptor blocker that decreases HR and cardiac output, decreases BP Dizziness, fatigue, depression, SOB, diarrhea

Pharmacy Drugs COPY (37 decks)

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