DPWH MANUAL ( ROAD SAFETY DESIGN)

Question 1

Are longer distance transport routes for motorized traffic. Provide the transportation link between regions and provinces.

Answer 1

EXPRESSWAYS

Question 2

Elements to consider when planning
EXPRESSWAYS are:

Answer 2

1. No frontage access;
2. Development set well back from the highway;
3. Grade separated intersections for extremely high flows and other intersecting expressways;
4. Number of intersections to be minimized and
5. Where necessary or for emergency purposes, parking/stopping to be provided clear of the main carriageway.

Question 3

Are roads continuous in extent that form part of the main trunk line system; all roads leading to national ports, national seaports, parks or coast-to-coast roads.

Answer 3

NATIONAL ROADS

Question 4

Elements to consider when planning NATIONAL ROADS are:

Answer 4

1. Limited frontage access
2. Development set well back from the highway
3. All access to premises provided via provincial roads
4. Number of intersections to be minimized
5. Suitable at-grade channelized intersections for minor flows and other elements
6. No roadside vendors

Question 5

Are roads connecting one municipality with another, all roads extending from a municipality or from a provincial or national roads to a public wharf or railway station; any other road to be designated as such by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan.

Answer 5

PROVINCIAL ROADS

Question 6

Are roads/streets within the urban area of the city to be designated as such by the Sangguniang Panglungsod.

Answer 6

CITY ROADS

Question 7

Are rural roads located either outside the urban area of city or outside industrial, commercial or residential subdivisions which act as feeder farm-to-market roads, and which are not otherwise classified as national, provincial, city or municipal roads.

Answer 7

BARANGAY ROADS

Question 8

When choosing a design speed, the following factors need to be considered:

Answer 8

1. Function of the road
2. Anticipated operating speed
3. Anticipated speed limit
4. Economics

Question 9

Speed limit for high-risk pedestrian areas is?

Answer 9

40 kph

Question 10

Speed limit for low-risk pedestrian areas is?

Answer 10

60 kph

Question 11

An _______ speed limit would be appropriate on a high standard duplicated carriageway road where there is only occasional access from adjoining properties.

Answer 11

80 kph

Question 12

A _______ speed limit would only be appropriate on very high standard expressways, which have a low crash rate.

Answer 12

100 kph

Question 13

An ________ speed limit may also be appropriate on lower standard expressways.

Answer 13

80 or 90 kph

Question 14

Is the maximum number of vehicles, which have a reasonable expectation of passing over a given section of a lane or a roadway in one direction or in both directions during one hour under prevailing road and traffic conditions.

Answer 14

ROAD CAPACITY

Question 15

The capacity of a route can be affected by the following factors:

Answer 15

1. Number of Lanes;
2. Lane and shoulder width;
3. Terrain and road gradient;
4. Traffic composition;
5. Side fraction such as the presence of road furniture and pedestrians;
6. Intersection capacity (priority of movements, traffic signal phasing, number of lanes etc.)

Question 16

Ideal capacity of a road is?

Answer 16

2000 vehicles/hour (vph)

Question 17

Vulnerable road users include:

Answer 17

1. Pedestrians
2. People with disabilities
3. Non-motorized vehicles
4. Motorcycles

Question 18

The areas where the state of the road surface condition and good texture of the road surface is particularly important are where vehicles are required to brake or maneuver suddenly such as:

Answer 18

1. On the approach to traffic signals
2. At roundabouts
3. Around tight curves
4. On downhill slopes

Question 19

The provision of safety sign distance depends on the characteristics of the driver:

Answer 19

1. Alertness of driver
2. Recognition of the hazard
3. Actions available to the driver – to stop or to change direction

Question 20

The provision of safety sign distance depends on the characteristics of the vehicle:

Answer 20

1. Type of vehicle – car or truck
2. Friction between the tire and the road
3. Eye height of the driver
4. Speed of vehicles

Question 21

The provision of safety sign distance depends on the characteristics of the road environment:

Answer 21

1. Road geometry – grade and curvature sight limitations
2. Road surface – sealed or unsealed, smooth or rough
3. Road illumination at night

Question 22

Each type of sight distance consists of three elements:

Answer 22

1. Driver Eye Height
2. Object Height
3. Sight Distance

Question 23

There are two components in stopping sight:

Answer 23

1. Reaction Distance
2. Braking Distance

Question 24

The reaction time to be used for road safety design is?

Answer 24

2.5 seconds

Question 25

Is the length of superelevation development from zero cross slope to full design Superelevation.

Answer 25

Superelevation runoff

Question 26

Is the length of superelevation development from the normal cross slope to the zero cross slope point on the tangent.

Answer 26

Tangent runout

Question 27

Minimum K value vertical curves should be selected on the basis of three controlling factors:

Answer 27

1. Sight distance 2. Appearance 3. Riding comfort

Question 28

At least four different criteria are used for establishment of sag vertical curves:

Answer 28

1. Headlight sight distance 2. Passenger comfort 3. Drainage control and 4. General appearance.

Question 29

The basic lane width appropriate for national roads is?

Answer 29

3.35 m

Question 30

Shoulder paving is valuable method of providing:

Answer 30

1. Integrity of the pavement 2. Width to place edge line pavement markings; 3. Additional safety to prevent vehicles skidding or drivers losing control in gravel; and 4. Low maintenance costs compared with unpaved shoulders.

Question 31

The ________ types are suited for the edge of the traveled way where it is generally considered that drivers should not mount the curb or sidewalk.

Answer 31

Barrier curb

Question 32

The ______________ types provide less vaulting of the errant vehicle on impact with the curb, less likelihood of the driver losing control and less damage to occupants of the vehicles compared to barrier curbs.

Answer 32

Mountable/Drop curb

Question 33

Are used to break up platoons of traffic and to improve traffic flow over a section of road.

Answer 33

Overtaking lanes

Question 34

Can be considered as special form of overtaking lane but they are only provided on inclines.

Answer 34

Climbing lanes

Question 35

The design of overtaking lanes and climbing lanes required the consideration of the:

Answer 35

1. Initial diverge taper; 2. Auxiliary lane length; and 3. End or merge taper.

Question 36

A __________ is required at the start of an auxiliary lane to provide for the lateral movement of traffic.

Answer 36

Diverge taper

Question 37

A ____________ is a converging of separate streams into a single stream.

Answer 37

Merge taper

Question 38

A _________ is a very short section of fully constructed shoulder or added lane that is provided to allow slow vehicles to pull aside and be overtaken.

Answer 38

Turn-out

Question 39

These are four types of escape ramps:

Answer 39

1. Sand Pile; 2. Descending Grade; 3. Horizontal Grade; and 4. Ascending Grade

Question 40

Needs to be considered as part of the design process to ensure that adequate guidance is provided to road users.

Answer 40

Delineation

Question 41

Delineation is generally provided by the use of the following devices:

Answer 41

1. Pavement Markings 2. Signs 3. Guide posts 4. Reflective delineators 5. Lighting 6. Curb or other physical devices

Question 42

The types of intersections that generally exist on the road network are:

Answer 42

1. Unflared and unchannelized intersections 2. Flared and unchannelized intersections 3. Channelized intersections

Question 43

The speed of vehicles through an intersection depends on:

Answer 43

1. Alignment; 2. Road environment; 3. Traffic volume and composition; and 4. Traffic control devices.

Question 44

Traffic can be controlled at intersections by traffic control devices:

Answer 44

1. Regulatory signs 2. Traffic signals 3. Roundabouts

Question 45

Is one of the safest type of intersection treatments. It is consists of a circular island in the middle of an intersection and traffic moves around it in an anticlockwise direction.

Answer 45

Roundabout (or rotunda)

Question 46

Are used to shield errant vehicles from running into hazards that cannot be relocated or made more frangible

Answer 46

Roadside barriers

Question 47

Can be defined as the combination of the likelihood and the consequence of a crash occurring

Answer 47

Risk

Question 48

The likelihood of a crash occurring depends on various factors like:

Answer 48

1. Driver behavior 2. The quality of the road 3. The vehicle

Question 49

Device mounted on a fixed support (permanent signs) or portable support (temporary signs) whereby a specific message is conveyed by means of words or symbols placed or erected for the purpose of regulating, warning or guiding traffic.

Answer 49

Traffic Signs

Question 50

Signs that inform road users of traffic laws and regulations which, if disregarded, will constitute an offense

Answer 50

Regulatory Signs

Question 51

Signs that instruct road users to meet certain traffic rule requirements or road condition.

Answer 51

Special Instruction Signs

Question 52

Warn Road users of condition on or adjacent to the road that may be unexpected or hazardous.

Answer 52

Warning Signs

Question 53

Inform and advice road users of directions, distance, routes, the location of services, and points of interests

Answer 53

Guide Signs (Informative Signs

Question 54

Warn or advise of temporary hazardous conditions that could endanger road users or the men and equipment engaged on roadwork.

Answer 54

Roadwork Signs

Question 55

Signs which provide means of displaying essential traffic information on wide multilane roads, where some degree of lane use control is required, or where side-of-road clearance is insufficient to accommodate a road side sign.

Answer 55

Overhead Signs

Question 56

Highway appurtenances designed to prevent vehicular penetration from the travel way to areas behind the barrier such as to minimize damage to impacting vehicles and their occupants, and to reduce the risk of injuries to pedestrians and workers.

Answer 56

Barriers

Question 57

Warning devices used to supplement other controls and devices necessary to alert motorists of construction and maintenance activities or obstructions in the roadway.

Answer 57

Flashing Lamps

Question 58

Light retro-reflecting devices mounted at the side of the roadway, in series, to indicate the roadway alignment.

Answer 58

Delineators

Question 59

Devices which may be conical in shape or tubular-shaped capable of performing channelization of traffic which may be set on the surface of the roadway or rigidly attached for continued use.

Answer 59

Traffic Cones

Question 60

Roadwork devices consisting of pre-cast concrete sections, sandbag, and others which, may be used to guide traffic at the construction site.

Answer 60

Temporary Curbing

Question 61

Device used in place of rigid barrier posts or traffic cones with a minimum of 450 mm by 50 mm wide with alternate bands of contrasting color as seen by approaching traffic for delineation of traffic.

Answer 61

Flexible Post or Bollard