Slow onset hazards Rapid or Sudden onset hazards

DRRR Week 5-7 Flashcards by Kate Lenoa

is the event /process /phenomena

Hazard

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True or false, Every Typhoon is a disaster

False, not every Typhoon is a disaster

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3 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS

Natural Hazards
Quasi -natural Hazards
Man-made/Human Induced

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3 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS

Natural Hazards
Quasi -natural Hazards
Man-made/Human Induced

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are naturally occurring phenomena or processes

Natural Hazards

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Are hazards that are outcomes of the interaction of natural phenomena and man-made activities

Quasi-natural Hazards

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Hazards that result from human activities and actions

Man-made/Human Induced

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OTHER CATEGORIES OF HAZARD

NATURAL HAZARDS
* Geologic
* Hydrometeorological
* Biological

TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

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are natural phenomena or processes that occur in the Earth’s crust.

Geologic

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are atmospheric, hydrological and oceanographic natural processes or phenomena

Hydrometeorological

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living things or substances from living things that can cause illnesses and diseases or any harm

Biological

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are man-made hazards caused by technological, infrastructure,
or industrial
accidents or
failures

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are man-made hazards caused by technological, infrastructure,
or industrial accidents or failures

TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS

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are processes caused or induced by human activities or in combination
with natural hazards

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

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TYPES OF HAZARDS

Slow onset hazards
Rapid or Sudden onset hazards

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IMPACTS OF VARIOUS HAZARDS

PHYSICAL IMPACT
PSYCHOLOGICAL
SOCIO-CULTURAL
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOLOGICAL

PPSEEB

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DEATH AND INJURIES CASUALTIES OF PEOPLE AND DESTRUCTION OR DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES AND INFRASTRUCTURES

PHYSICAL IMPACT

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PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA, CHRONIC ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, AND OTHER EMOTIONAL AND MENTAL DISORDERS

PSYCHOLOGICAL

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MIGRATION, ALTERATION OF TRADITION SOCIAL STATUS, LOSS OF CULTURAL IDENTITY, ETHNIC CONFLICTS, SEXUAL ABUSE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE

SOCIO-CULTURAL

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LOSS OF EMPLOYMENT, LIVELIHOOD AND PROPERT/LAND

ECONOMIC

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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION, LOSS OF FORESTS AND NATURAL RIVERS

ENVIRONMENTAL

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SPREAD OF EPIDEMIC DISEASES TO PEOPLE, FLORA, AND FAUNA

BIOLOGICAL

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the sudden or rapid shaking of the ground due to the release of potential energy stored in the rocks

EARTHQUAKE

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the service institute of DOST that is mandated to monitor and study disasters that may be caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other geotectonic phenomena

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (DOST-PHIVOLCS)

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is the study of earthquake

Seismology

Studies earthquake and their seismic waves

Seismologist

is the instrument used to record seismic waves

-Seismograph

is the record of the ground shaking

Seismogram

is the place inside Earth's crust where an earthquake originates

focus

the location directly above where the earthquake starts

epicenter

A fracture in the rocks that make up the Earth's crust

Fault

As the distance from the focus and epicenter increases, the shaking of the ground decreases | wala basa lang

EARTHQUAKE CAN BE DESCRIBED BY:

MAGNITUDE and INTENSITY

estimate of the amount of energy released at the focus or origin of the earthquake (Arabic numerals)

Magnitude

is used for the quantitative measure of the earthquake's magnitude

Richter scale

refers to the degree of shaking or the severity of its effects on the earth's surface.

Intensity

What are the Earthquake hazards? (5)

* Ground Shaking * Ground Rupture * Liquefaction * Tsunami * Fire

* Up down and lateral movement or vibration of the ground caused by the passage of body and surface seismic waves * Buildings and other structures that can't withstand ground shaking can have damages, can be destroyed or can collapse * can cause landslide and liquefaction

Ground shaking

* The offset or deformation of the land surface due to movement of the fault * this geologic phenomenon commonly happens in shallow earthquakes * ground cracks * structures present across fault zones can collapse

Ground rupture

* it happens when ground shaking due to moderate or intense earthquake results to the mixing or body of sediments (sand or soil) and ground water, and as a consequence, the ground becomes soft and could no longer support structures that will eventually sink or tilt * it can lead to ground failure

Liquefaction

* means harbor waves in japanese, is a series of waves generated by an earthquake that occurs below or near ocean floor * rapid, violent flooding in communities near coastal areas

Tsunami

are caused by gravitational force between the earth and the moon

tidal waves

the heightening of sea level that occurs during typhoons or hurricanes

Storm surge

is associared with broken gas pipes and damaged electrical lines because of damages caused by ground shaking to buildings and other infrastructures

Fire

TYPES OF TSUNAMI

Local and Far field or Distant

tsunami generated within a hundred kilometers from the source and is confined to coasts. Caused by earthquakes, landslides or a pyroclastic flow

Local

tsunami waves that can travel from 1 to 24 hours before reaching the coastlines of the nearby countries

Far field or Distant

Signs of an Impending Tsunami

1.** If earthquake occurs** in the coastal region and it originated from the oceanic crust, a possible tsunami can take place 2. **Rapid fall in sea level** may happen as the ocean water withdraws from the coastline 3. Unusual** roaring sound** which can be an approaching tsunami

A map that shows areas that area vulnerable or at risk to a specific hazard.

HAZARD MAP

There is a separate map for each kind of hazard. | basa lang

Example is flood hazard map

USES OF HAZARD MAP

* Are **basis** for risk reduction and hazard protection measures * Give significant information for **emergency planning** * Show potential risk to the communities, which **raises their awareness** and readiness

It is a vent, hill or mountain from which hot and molten rocks, rock fragments, and gaseous materials have been ejected

VOLCANO

is molten or hot liquid rock in the Earth's mantle

MAGMA

magma or molten rock that reached the Earth's surface

LAVA

VOLCANO HAZARDS (6)

* Lava flows * Pyroclastic fall * Pyroclastic flow * Lahar * Volcanic gases * Ballistic projectiles

are rivers of incandescent molten rock or lava that erupted from a crater or fissure and moves downslope or away from an eruption vent.

Lava flow

* is the least viscous that can flow up to tens of kilometers from the erupting vent * 1000 - 2000 degrees Celsius

Basaltic Lava

* it is moderately viscous,it can flow a few kilometers per hour * 800 - 1000 degrees Celsius

Andesitic Lava

* most viscous and forms a lava dome as it flows at the slope ofthe ground * 650 - 800 degrees Celsius

Ryolitic Lava

occurs when pyroclastic fragments of rocks or tephra are ejected in a great distance and propelled through the atmosphere

Pyroclastic Fall

is a mixture of pyroclastic fragments, specifically how lava blocks, pumice and ash, and hot volcanic gases

Pyroclastic Flow

it is a mudflow or debris flow, a mixture of pyroclastic materials and water

Lahar

are gases that are released to the atmosphere during eruptions includes water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride.

Volcanic Gases