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LPSCI flashcards > wk5?+Mutation, Genetic Variation, Gametogenesis, ERRORS IN CELL CYCLE > Flashcards

wk5?+Mutation, Genetic Variation, Gametogenesis, ERRORS IN CELL CYCLE Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q
  • are the original source of genetic diversity
  • create different versions of genes called alleles
  • reshuffling of alleles during sexual reproduction produces genetic variation
A

MUTATION

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2
Q

True or false? hays pagod na ba kau? same p

Homologous pairs of chromosomes orient randomly at metaphase I of meiosis kaya may genetic variation

A

TRUE SO MUCH!!!

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3
Q

in ___________ __________, each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologs into daughter cells INDEPENDENTLY(clue toh) of the othe pairs

A

INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

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4
Q

the number of combinations possible when chromosomes assort independently into gametes is 2^n (n is the haploid number)

so for humans 2^?

A

2^23!! so more than 8 million possible combinations of chromosomes

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5
Q
  • produces recombinant chromosomes which combine genes inherited from each parent
  • begins every early in prophase I as homologous chromosomes pair up gene by gene
A

CROSSING OVER

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6
Q

contributes to genetic variation by combining DNA from two parents into a single chromosome

A

CROSSING OVER

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7
Q

homologous portions of two nonsister chromatids trade places

A

CROSSING OVER

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8
Q

adds to genetic variation because any sperm can fuse any ovum

A

RANDOM FERTILIZATION

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9
Q

_______ _________ results in the accumulation of genetic variations favored by the environment

A

NATURAL SELECTION

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10
Q

means formation of gametes (sperm and ova)

A

GAMETOGENESIS

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11
Q

the process of development of spermatids from the male primordial germ cells and their differentiation into spermatozoa

A

SPERMATOGENESIS

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12
Q
  • formation of female gametes
  • differentiation of female primordial germ cell (oogonium) into mature ovum
A

OOGENESIS

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13
Q

3 MAIN PHASES OF SPERMATOGENESIS AND OOGENESIS

A
  1. Period of MULTIPLICATION
  2. Period of GROWTH
  3. Period of MATURATION
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14
Q

the primordial germ cells multiply by mitotic cell division giving rise to OOGONIA(females) and SPERMATOGONIA(males)

A

PERIOD OF MULTIPLICATION

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15
Q

During these phase, both oogonia and spermatogonia grow into primary oocyte or primary spermatocyte

A

PERIOD OF GROWTH

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16
Q

in females, the primary oocyte undergoes two meiotic cell divisions:
1. gives rise to secondary oocyte + polar body
2. gives rise to mature ova and secondary polar body

A

PERIOD OF MATURATION

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17
Q
  • male sex gland, located in scrotum
  • produces sperm and androgens
A

TESTIS

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18
Q

sperm storage, complete of sperm maturation

A

EPIDIDYMIS

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19
Q

duct that transports the sperm from the scrotum to the prostate gland

A

VAS DEFERENS

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20
Q

secretes fluid rich in fructose to semen

A

SEMINAL VESICLE

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21
Q

contributes milky alkaline fluid that assists sperm activation

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A

PROSTATE GLAND

22
Q

contributes mucus to semen

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A

COWPERS GLAND (BILBOURETHRAL GLAND)

23
Q

organ of copulation in males

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A

URETHRA (PENIS)

24
Q

serve a number of functions during spermatogenesis like providing the cells with nourishment and molecular signals

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A

SERTOLI CELLS

25
a normal baby girl had about 2 million primary oocytes in her ovaries but by 7 years old about how many remain?
300,000
26
during the reproductive years of a woman, only about how many are released?
400 to 500
27
basahin niyo lang to HQHAHHA d q magets penetration of the sperm includes the secondary oocyte and the first polar body to complete meiosis II
kaya pa ba
28
may mali ba or wala? MEIOSIS I prophase I = 4n metaphase I = 4n anaphase I = 2n telophase I = 2 MEIOSIS II prophase II = 2n metaphase II = 2n anaphase II = n telophase II = n
syempre wala, lilituhin ko pa ba kau, love u p balik ka na <33
29
all cancers starts with a?
GENE MUTATION
30
- positive cell cycle regulators - a gene involved in normal cell growth - mutations (changes) in this may cause it to become an oncogene, which can cause the growth of cancer cells
PROTO-ONCOGENES
31
when activated, can prevent the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division
TUMOR-SUPRESSOR GENE
32
- the procress of programmed cell death - used to rid of the body of cells that have been damaged beyond repair awts
APOPTOSIS
33
changes in chromosome structure or number
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS
34
presence of additional chromosome SETS
EUPLOIDY
35
is the presence of a VARIABLE number of chromosomes
ANEUPLOIDY
36
inability of the spindle fiber to attract the chromosomes
NONDISJUNCTION
37
homologous chromosomes or sister chromatid fails to separate
NONDISJUNCTION
38
extra no.21 chromosome
TRISOMY 21 or DOWN SYNDROME
39
single line across the palm [seen with ppl with down syndrome] *pakifamiliarize characs ng mga taong may gantong syndrome kineme kasi baka may pic pakita paidentify]
Palmar crease
40
characteristics of a person with down syndrome
small ears short neck almond-shaped eyes that slant up tounge that tends to stick out
41
has 3 copies of chromosome number 18
TRISOMY 18 or EDWARDS SYNDROME
42
characteristics of a person with edwards syndrome
boxer fist - ung joke ni miss lawls bato bato pick abnormally shaped physical characteristic low set ears internal organs forming and functioning differently
43
extra copy of chromosome no.13
TRISOMY 13 or PATAU SYNDROME
44
characteristics of a person with patau syndrome
poldactyly - extra toes holoprosencephally - forebrain fail to divide HYPOTELORISM - problems with the development of the NASAL passages (pinaka halata kaya nakacaps) anophthalmia - reduced distance between the eyes microphthalmia - absence of 1 or both eyes
45
only 1 sex chromosome only occurs in girls
MONOSOMY or TURNER SYNDROME bali [XO]
46
characs ng monosomy or turner syndrome
shorter than most girls dont go thru normal puberty webbed neck
47
3 sex chromosome na XXY
KLINEFELTER SYNDROME
48
characs klinefelter
taller than average stature men with female characteristics (boobs/hips)
49
3 sex chromosome na XYY
JACOBS SYNDROME
50
characs jacobs syndrome
might be taller than boys problems with spoken language coordination problems hand tremors behavioral problems

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