Week 4 - Genetics to phases of meiosis

Question 1

is the scientific study of hereditary and variation

Answer 1

GENETICS

Question 2

is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Answer 2

HEREDITY

Question 3

• are the units of heredity, and are made up of segments of DNA
• are passed to the next generation
• most DNA is packaged into chromosomes
• one set of chromosome is inherited from each parent

Answer 3

GENES

Question 4

each gene has a specific location called a _____ on a certain chromosome

Answer 4

LOCUS

Question 5

one parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis

Answer 5

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Question 6

is a group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent

Answer 6

CLONE

Question 7

two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

Answer 7

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Question 8

human somatic cells have __ pairs of chromosomes

Answer 8

23

Question 9

is an ordered display of the pairs of chromosome from a cell

Answer 9

KARYOTYPE

Question 10

the two chromosomes in each pair are called __________ ___________ or homologs

Answer 10

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

Question 11

chromosomes in a homologous pair are the ____ length and carry genes controlling the ____ inherited characteristics.

Answer 11

SAME

Question 12

the sex chromosomes are called _ and _

Answer 12

X , Y

Question 13

sex chromosome of human females

Answer 13

XX

Question 14

sex chromosome of human males

Answer 14

XY

Question 15

the 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex are called?

Answer 15

AUTOSOMES

Question 16

contains a single set of chromosomes, and is haploid (n)

Answer 16

GAMETE

Question 17

for humans, the haploid number is ?

Answer 17

23

Question 18

in an unfertilized egg (ovum), the sex chromosome is always _?

Answer 18

X

Question 19

in a sperm cell, the sex chromosome may be either?

Answer 19

X or Y

Question 20

is the union of gametes

Answer 20

FERTILIZATION

Question 21

the fertilized egg is called a?

Answer 21

ZYGOTE

Question 22

the zygote produces somatic cells by _______ and develops into an adult.

Answer 22

MITOSIS

Question 23

in MEIOSIS I, what separates?

Answer 23

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

Question 24

in MEIOSIS II, what separates?

Answer 24

SISTER CHROMATID

Question 25

the sister chromatids are genetically identical and joined at the?

Answer 25

CENTROMERE

Question 26

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS? - typically occupies more than 90% of the time in meiosis - chromosomes begins to condense

Answer 26

PROPHASE I

Question 27

in ________, homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene

Answer 27

SYNAPSIS

Question 28

a structure that forms between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis, specifically in prophase I

Answer 28

SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX

Question 29

exhange of information of the homologous chromosomes

Answer 29

CHIASMA / CHIASMATA

Question 30

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS? - tetrads line up at the metaphase plate, with one chromosome facing each pole - homologous chromosomes lines up at the middle - microtubules from one pole are attached to the kinetochore of one chromosome of each tetrad

Answer 30

METAPHASE I

Question 31

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS? - pairs of homologous chromosomes separate - one chromosome moves toward each pole, guided by the spindle apparatus - sister chromatid remain attached at the centromer and move as one unit toward the pole

Answer 31

ANAPHASE I

Question 32

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS? - each half of the cell has a haploid set of chromosomes; each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids - cytokinesis happens simultaneously

Answer 32

TELOPHASE I AND CYTOKINESIS

Question 33

a phase of meiosis that is similar to mitosis

Answer 33

MEIOSIS II

Question 34

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS? - spindle apparatus forms - chromosomes (each still composed of two chromatids) move toward or makes it way to the metaphase plate

Answer 34

PROPHASE II

Question 35

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS? - the sister chromatid are arranged at the metaphase plate - because of the crossing-over in meiosis I, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome are no longer genetically identical

Answer 35

METAPHASE II

Question 36

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS? - the sister chromatids separate - the sister chromatids of each chromosome now move as two new individual chromosomes toward opposite poles

Answer 36

ANAPHASE II

Question 37

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS? - the chromosomes arrive at the opposite poles - nuclei form and the chromosomes begin decondensing - cytokinesis separates the cytoplasm - at the end of this phase, there are 4 daughter cells, each with a haploid set of unreplicated chromosomes - each daughter cell is genetically distinct from the others and the parent cell

Answer 37

TELOPHASE II AND CYTOKINESIS

Question 38

at anaphase I, it is __________ ___________, instead of sister chromatids that separate

Answer 38

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

Question 39

what are the unique events that happens in prophase I?

Answer 39

SYNAPSIS and CROSSING-OVER