Drug therapies vs psychotherapies

Question 1

What is glutamate (GLU)

Answer 1

excitatory neurotransmitter
Receptors found on 90% of neurons on the brain

Question 2

what is GABA

Answer 2

Inhibitory neurotransmitter
-receptors found on 30% of neurotransmitters

Question 3

what brain areas does anxiety cause increased activity in

Answer 3

Amygdala
Thalamus
Hippocampus

Question 4

anxiety is related to overactivity of which neurotransmitters

Answer 4

Glutamate
Epinephrine

Question 5

what are anxiolytics

Answer 5

drug that has sedative and calming effects
usually effective immediately

Question 6

what can too much anxiolytics cause

Answer 6

sleepiness

Question 7

what do barbiturates do

Answer 7

have powerful sedative effects

Question 8

issues with barbiturates

Answer 8

-result in reduced respiration
-led to several accidental suicides

Question 9

what were introduced to replace barbiturates

Answer 9

benzodiazepines

Question 10

what do bensodiazapenes do

Answer 10

increase effectiveness of GABA

Question 11

Safer alternative drug therapies to treat anxiety

Answer 11

Buspirone (affects serotonin)
Anticonvulsant drugs (affects GABA)

Question 12

what do Beta blockers do

Answer 12

assume anxiety is the result of fight or flight response
work to block receptors for norepinephrine

Question 13

when is exposure therapy used

Answer 13

for specific phobias

Question 14

how is CBT used for anxiety

Answer 14

Learn how to control maladaptive thoughts that contribute to anxiety

Question 15

what is serotonin responsible for regulating

Answer 15

Mood, appetite, sleep, sex, biological rhythms

Question 16

what neurotransmitters is depression associated with

Answer 16

serotonin
epinephrine
dopamine

Question 17

what are monoamines

Answer 17

a category of neurotransmitters including serotonin and dopamine

Question 18

what is the function of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 18

bind to the enzyme to prevent breakdown of monoamines

Question 19

what do tricyclics do

Answer 19

Inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 20

side effects of tricyclics

Answer 20

Dry mouth
constipation and urinary retention
Memory/cognitive impairments

Question 21

what do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors do (SSRIs)

Answer 21

Blocks reuptake of serotonin
Leads to greater levels of serotonin in synapse

Question 22

side effects of SSRIs

Answer 22

Emotional detachment
Discontinuation leads to
hallucinations
Sexual dysfunction

Question 23

Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Answer 23

Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Same side effects as SSRIs

Question 24

issues with antidepressant medication

Answer 24

Not as effective as certain types of therapy
Not effective for mild cases
Placebo effect

Question 25

how is CBT used for depression

Answer 25

Learn how maladaptive thoughts contribute to depression
Focus on strategies that challenge these thoughts

Question 26

what drugs are currently being used as experimental antidepressants

Answer 26

Ketamine and psilocybin (psychedelics)

Question 27

what is the main route of treatment for bipolar

Answer 27

lithium as drug treatment

Question 28

what clinician is responsible for giving psychotherapy

Answer 28

clinical psychologists

Question 29

what clinician is responsible for prescribing medication

Answer 29

psychiatrist

Question 30

medication pros

Answer 30

best when condition has strong biological components
best for severe cases

Question 31

psychotherapy pros

Answer 31

most common and effective treatment
most effective used alongside medication