Drugs and Endocrine System

Question 1

What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?

Answer 1

Promotes reabsorption of calcium ions in the kidney and increases intestinal absorption causing levels of calcium ion to increase

Question 2

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 2

Bone cells

Question 3

What cause hypothyroidism?

Answer 3

Not enough iodine in diet, insufficient T3 and T4 causing patient to require thyroxine replacement

Question 4

Where is calcitonin released from?

Answer 4

C- cells of the thyroid gland

Question 5

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 5

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by suppressing osteoclast activity in the bones and increasing the amount of calcium excreted in the urine.

Question 6

What does Calcitriol (vit D3) do?

Answer 6

Increase calcium ion levels by increase bone mobilisation and increase reabsorption in gut

Question 7

What causes hypcalcemia?

Answer 7

Inadequate calcium inake
Lack of Vit D or PTH deficiency
Renal Problems

Question 8

What is a goitre?

Answer 8

An abnormal swelling of the thyroid gland causing a lump to form

Question 9

Adverse effects of bisphosphates drugs

Answer 9

Abdominal Pain

GI disturbances, oesophageal problems

Question 10

How is calcitonin administered?

Answer 10

Nasal Spray

Subcutaneous and Intramuscular injections

Question 11

What is used as a thyroxine replacement?

Answer 11

Levothyroxine T4

Question 12

What do mineralocorticoids do?

Answer 12

Regulate mineral balance

Question 13

What do glucacorticoids do?

Answer 13

Increase glucose mobilisation
Increase resistance to stress
Decrease white blood cells

Question 14

What causes the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 14

Cardiovascular system and CNS are depressed metabolic rate reduced.

Question 15

Treatment for severe hypothyroidism?

Answer 15

Intravenous Triiodothyronine T3

Question 16

Symptoms of hypercalcemia?

Answer 16

muscle problems

can cause cardiac arrest & renal failure

Question 17

What causes hyperthyroidism?

Answer 17

Graves Disease

Question 18

Long term treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 18

Surgery removal of gland and replacement hormones

Radio active iodine

Question 19

Carbimazole

Answer 19

Inhibits synthesis of thyroxine

It is converted into active drug in the liver

Question 20

Where is carbimazole excreted?

Answer 20

Urine

Question 21

Adverse effects of carbimazole?

Answer 21

Crosses the placenta and in breast milk, causes neonatal hypothyroidism
Insomnia
Nausea

Question 22

Symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 22

Lethargy
Anemic
Hyporeflexia - reduce or absence of reflex function to response

Question 23

Symptoms of hypocalcemia?

Answer 23

Neuromuscular problems
Muscle cramps
Paraeshesia

Question 24

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 24

Insomnia 
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Weight loss
Low grade fever

Question 25

Treatment for hypercalcemia

Answer 25

Bisphosphates and calcitonin

Question 26

What do bisphosphates do?

Answer 26

slows bone growth and turnover which prevent loss of bones

Question 27

How are bisphosphates administered?

Answer 27

Orally

Question 28

Carbimazole

Answer 28

Inhibits synthesis of thyroxine

Hyperthyroidism

Question 29

Levothyroxine T4

Answer 29

Thyroxine substitute

Hypothyroidism

Question 30

IV Triiodothyronine T3

Answer 30

Severe hypothyroidism

Question 31

Ergocalciferol

Answer 31

Treatment for hypocalcaemia

Can only be used if kidney function is not compromised

Question 32

Alendronic Acid (biphosonates)

Answer 32

Slows bone growth and turnover so prevents calcium loss from bones
treats osteoporosis