Drugs Dosages and Indications

Question 1

Activated charcoal indication and dosage?

Answer 1

emergency treatment of acute oral poisoning and oral drug overdose.
Children aged 1 or over ingested toxins less than 1 hour OR
Adults/children ingested toxins Toxbase advised to take it.
Dosage: 50 grams in 250ml.

Question 2

Adrenaline 1 in 1000 IM Indications and dosage?

Answer 2

Anaphylaxis
Life threatening asthma with failing ventilation and continued deterioration.
Dosage: 500 micrograms

Question 3

Adrenaline 1 in 10000 indication and dosage?

Answer 3

Cardiac Arrest
Post ROSC circulatory support
Dosage:1mg in 10ml every 3-5 minutes.

Question 4

Amiodorone indications and dosage?

Answer 4

Cardiac arrest in shockable rhythms in 3rd and 5th shock. 300mg in 3rd and 150mg in 5th shock.

Question 5

Aspirin indications and dosage?

Answer 5

Clinical ECG evidence of an MI or ischaemia.
Suspected TIA and all of the following:
where symptoms have resolved, patient is remaining at home and has been referred to a local TIA pathway.
Dosage:300 milligrams

Question 6

Atropine Sulfate dosages and indications?

Answer 6

Symptomatic bradycardia - absolute bradycardia less than 40, inadequate perfusion causing confusion
Bradycardia following rosc.
Dosage: 600 micrograms

Question 7

Benzylpenicillin indication and dosage?

Answer 7

Suspected meningococcal disease in the prescence of a non blanching rash. Signs and symptoms suggestive of meningococcal septicaemia.
1.2 grams iv

Question 8

Chlorphenamine indications and dosage?

Answer 8

Symptomatic allergic reactions falling short of anaphylaxis but causing patient distress
Alleviating distressing cutaneuous symptoms in anaphylaxis only after emergency treatment with adrenaline.

Question 9

Dexamethasone?

Answer 9

Croup
5.2 milligrams

Question 10

Diazepam injection?

Answer 10

prolonged convulsions lasting 5 minutes or more or repeated convulsions and are currently convulsing.
Eclamptic convulsions over 2-3 minutes
Symptomatic cocaine toxicity
IV/IO - 10 milligrams in 2ml

Question 11

Diazepam rectal

Answer 11

prolonged convulsions lasting 5 minutes or more or repeated convulsions and are currently convulsing.
Eclamptic convulsions over 2-3 minutes
Symptomatic cocaine toxicity
10 milligrams in 2.5ml

Question 12

Furosemide?

Answer 12

Pulmonary oedema or respiratory distress due to acute heart failure.
Dosage: 40 milligrams
20 milligrams in 2ml.

Question 13

IM Glucagon?

Answer 13

Hypoglycemia or unconscious hypo, where hypo is likely to be the cause.
Should only be given when gel isnt possible or iv glucose
Dosage: 1 milligram per vial.

Question 14

Glucose 10% IV

Answer 14

Hypoglycemia where oral is not possible and a rapid increase is needed.
An unconscious patient where hypo is likely cause.
Management who haven’t responded to the administration of IM glucagon after 10 minutes.
Dosage:10 grams glucose
50 grams in 500ml.

Question 15

Glucose 40% oral gel?

Answer 15

known or suspected hypoglycemia in a conscious patient where there is no risk of choking or aspiration.
Dosage: 10-20 grams given between the teeth and the gums.

Question 16

Glyceral Trinitrate?

Answer 16

Cardiac Chest pain due to angina or MI when systolic blood pressure is greater than 90.
Acute heart failure with ischaemia or uncontrolled hypertension
Patients with suspected cocaine toxicity presenting with chest pain.
Dosage: 400mcg - 800mcg

Question 17

Hydrocortisone?

Answer 17

Severe or life-threatening asthma
Acute exacerbation of COPD
Adrenal crisis
Pregnant women with known Addison’s disease who are in established labour.
Given IV - 100 milligrams in 1ml.

Question 18

Ibuprofen?

Answer 18

Relief from mild to moderate pain.
Pyrexia with discomfort
Soft tissue injuries.
Best when used as part of a balanced analgesic regimen.
Dosage:400 milligrams every 8 hours.

Question 19

Ipatropium bromide?

Answer 19

Acute severe or life threatening asthma
Acute asthma unresponsive to salbutamol
Exacerbation of COPD unreponsive to salbutamol.
Expiratory wheeze

Question 20

Morphine Sulfate?

Answer 20

Pain associated with suspected MI
Severe pain as a component of a balanced analgesia regimen
Oral morphine can be used as a component of managing moderate pain.
Dosage:IV/IO 2.5 milligrams titrate. Iniitial dose is 10 milligrams in 10ml.
Oral - 10-20 milligrams

Question 21

Naloxone Hydrochloride?

Answer 21

Reversal of acute opioid toxicity for respiratory arrest or respiratory depression.
Unconsciousness, associated with respiratory depression of unknown cause where opioid overdose is a possibility.
In cardiac arrest where opioid toxicity is considered to be the likely cause.
400 micrograms in 1 ml.

Question 22

Nitrous oxide (Entonox)

Answer 22

Moderate to severe pain
Labour pains
Self administered via a mouthpiece it should take around 3-5 minutes to be effective.

Question 23

Ondansetron?

Answer 23

Adults: prevention and treatment of opiate induced nausea and vomiting
Treatment of nausea and vomiting.
Children: prevenion of nausea and vomiting
For travel associated N+V.
Dosage:4mg in 2ml (IM)
2 milligrams in 1ml

Question 24

Oxygen?

Answer 24

Indications: Critical illnesses
Serious illness requiring moderate levels of supplemental oxygen if the patient is hypoxic.
COPD and other conditions requiring controlled or low dose oxygen therapy.

Question 25

Paracetamol?

Answer 25

Relief of mild to moderate pain or pyrexia with discomfort. 500 milligrams to 1 gram. every 4-6 hours.

Question 26

Salbutamol?

Answer 26

Acute asthma attack here normal inhaler therapy has failed to relieve symptoms. Expiratory wheeze associated with allergy, anaphylaxis, beta blocker overdose, smoke inhalation or other lower airway cause. Exacerbation of COPD Dosage: If COPD is a limiting factor nebulise to 6 minutes. 5 milligrams in 2.5ml nebulised at 6-8 litres a minute.

Question 27

Sodium chloride?

Answer 27

Medical conditions with/without haemorrhage, burns, flush etc, diabetes.

Question 28

Syntometrine Injection?

Answer 28

Primary or secondary PPH where there is excessive bleeding from the birth canal. Confirmed miscarriage with excessive bleeding where a patient has gone home with medical management and starts to bleed. Dosage: 500 micrograms of ergometrine and 5 units of oxytocin in 1ml.

Question 29

TXA?

Answer 29

Individuals with a time crtitical injury where significant internal or external haemorrhage. Individuals with head injury, age 18 and over with a glasgow coma score of 12 or less. Post partum haemorrhage after the administration of an uterotonic drug. Dosage - 1g of TXA.