Shock and Anaphylaxis and Management Flashcards
(28 cards)
Hypovolameic shock?
Not enough blood in the blood vessels to distribute oxygen to organs.
E.G. blood or fluid loss
Cardiogenic shock
Damage to the heart affects blood flow to the body. Could be caused by hart failure.
Ischaemia, MI, cardiac tamponade
Distributive shock?
Affects tone of the blood vessels, floppy and unable to maintain blood pressure.
Head or spinal cord injury
Loss of peripheral resistance
Obstructive shock?
When blood cannot reach where it needs to go.
What is shock?
inadequate tissue perfusion due to a real or apparent lack of lowering of circulating body fluids.
Progression of shock
Compensated shock
Decompensated shock
Irreversible shock
How can perfusion fail?
Pump failure (heart)
Pipe failure (blood vessels)
Loss of volume (blood)
Compensatory mechansims of shock
Increased venous tone
Raised heart rate
Raised RR
Constriction of arteries.
Septic/toxic shock?
Results from body’s response to bacteria in blood stream. Vessels dilate and become leaky
Can result in systemic vasodilation
Relative and absolute hypovolemia.
What is sepsis?
Blood poisoning
Widespread inflammation and generalised blood clotting
Stages of hypovolemic shock
Stage 1:15% blood loss, high HR
Stage 2: 15 - 30% blood volume loss, increased RR, elevated diastolic BP
Stage 3: 30-40% blood loss, anxiety restlessness, systolic falling to 100 or less.
Stage 4: more than 40% blood loss, central cyanosis, altered level of consciousness.
Psychogenic shock signs and symptoms?
Simple fainting, stress pain
HR slows down
Brain becomes hypoperfused
Loss of consciousness occurs
Types - postural emotional cardiac origin
General shock signs and symptoms?
Increased ad feeble pulse
Lowering of BP
Sweating, coldness of skin
Pallor
Nausea, vomiting, thirst, diminished urine output.
Treatment of shock
ABC’S control obvious bleeding, IV access and consider fluid therapy
Elevate lower extremeties in hypovolameic shock NOT IN cardiogenic shock
What is anaphylaxis? Signs and symptoms
Chest tighness
Wheeze, swelling of the tongue and the throat
Hypotension
Cyanosis
Respiratory/circulatory collapse
Urticaria?
Hives, rash or welts
Angioedema?
Swelling of deeper tissues
Erythema?
Patchy or generalised red rash
Stridor?
High pitched abnormal resp sound
Dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
Bronchospasm
Constriction of the lower airways
What happens in anaphylaxis?
Allergen introduced into the body
Antibody reaction at the surface of mast cells
Release of mast cell chemical mediators
Chemical mediators exert their effects on end organs.
Causes of anaphylaxis?
Absorption, injection, ingestion inhalation.
Anaphylaxis signs and symptoms
Allergic reaction - itchy rash, swelling around the eyes.
Early Anaphylaxis - chest tightness, tongue and throat swelling
Advanced anaphylaxis - stridor, hypotension, bronchospasm, cyanosis, circulatory collapse, respiratory collapse.
