DRUGS for Exam 1

Question 1

Acyclovir

Answer 1

Class: antiviral

Slows herpes simplex

Question 2

Dacogen

Answer 2

Class: Antineoplastic

Treat blood or bone marrow cancer (Myelodysplastic)

Question 3

Cytarabine

Answer 3

Class: Antineoplastic

• Causes DNA damage and inhibits DNA polymerase activity
• Non-specific chemotherapy

Question 4

AZT

Answer 4

Class: Antiviral

• causes chain termination due to no 3’ OH
• HIV

Question 5

Tenofovir

Answer 5

Class: Antiviral

• causes chain termination due to no 3’ OH
• HIV

Question 6

Didanosine (DDL)

Answer 6

Class: Antiviral

• causes chain termination due to no 3’ OH
• HIV

Question 7

Why do AZT and DDL work as HIV medication?

Answer 7

100-300 greater affinity for incorporation

Question 8

Adenosine arabinoside (Vidarabine)

Answer 8

Class: Antineoplastic

• causes DNA damage and inhibits DNA polymerase
• Non-specific chemotherapy

Question 9

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Answer 9

Class: Antibiotic

• Inhibits prokaryotic DNA gyrase
• UTI or anthrax

Question 10

Camptothecin (Camptosar)

Answer 10

Class: Antineoplastic

• inhibits eukaryotic topoisomerase I
• Non-specific chemotherapy

Question 11

Etoposide

Answer 11

Class: Antineoplastic

- inhibits eukaryotic topoisomerase II

Question 12

Actinomycin D

Answer 12

Class: Antineoplastic
- inhibits DNA replication by being between GC bases. Prevents strand separation, inhibits both replication and transcription

Question 13

Side effects of Actinomycin D?

Answer 13

Bone marrow suppression, fatigue, hair loss, mouth ulcer, loss of appetite

Question 14

Rifampin

Answer 14

Class: Antibiotic

• inhibits transcription in prokaryotes by binding to RNA polymerase
• Tb and leprosy

Question 15

Side effects of Rifampin?

Answer 15

Turns urine, sweat and tears red/orange

Question 16

Streptomycin

Answer 16

Class: Antibiotic

• Binds to the 30s subunit, preventing assembly of prokaryotic ribosome
• Tb

Question 17

Tetracycline

Answer 17

Class: Antibiotic

• blocks elongation by preventing aminoacyl-tRNA access to the A site
• Rocky mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease

Question 18

Erythromycin

Answer 18

Class: Antibiotic

• Binds to the 50s subunit complete ribosome, blocking ribosome translocation
• skin infection, chlamydia

Question 19

Chloramphenicol

Answer 19

Class: Antibiotic

• inhibits prokaryotic peptidyl transferase and at high levels can inhibit Mitochondrial translation
• meningitis, typhoid fever,

Question 20

Cycloheximide

Answer 20

Class: LAB USE ONLY

- inhibits eukaryotic peptidyl transferase

Question 21

Puromycin

Answer 21

Class: Antibiotic

• causes premature termination of translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• LAB USE ONLY

Question 22

Aspirin

Answer 22

Class: NSAID

• Irreversible inhibits COX = no blood clotting
• Pain and prevention of infarction

Question 23

Allopurinol

Answer 23

Class: Gout/RA drug

• inhibits the production of uric acid
• Gout

Question 24

Sulfamethoxale

Answer 24

Class: Antibiotic

• competitively inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid
• UTI, bronchitis, e coli

Question 25

Trimethoprim

Answer 25

Class: Antibiotic - inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - Bladder infections, otitis media (middle ear infection), travelers diarrhea

Question 26

Methotrexate

Answer 26

Class: Antineoplastic - inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in eukaryotes, - rheumatoid arthritis, cancer

Question 27

Mycophenolic acid (Myfortic)

Answer 27

Class: Anti-rejection - deprives T and B cells of key nucleic acid components - Prevent graft rejection

Question 28

Colchecine

Answer 28

Class: Gout/RA drug - microtubule inhibitor, inhibits migration of WBC to joints where uric acid is - Gout

Question 29

Hydroxyurea (Hydrea, Litalir, Droxia)

Answer 29

Class: Antineoplastic - stop transcription of cancer cells, prevents the conversion of dump to dtmp, - Melanoma, sickle cell = increase hemoglobin and decrease attacks

Question 30

Adrucil

Answer 30

Class: Antineoplastic | - interferes with the growth and spread of cancer

Question 31

Trifluorothymidine (Viroptic)

Answer 31

Class: Antiviral - Inhibits elongation during replication - herpes simplex of the eye

Question 32

Alpha-amanitin toxin

Answer 32

Class: Toxin - Inhibits RNA polymerase II - 4 phases (asymptomatic, GI response, apparent recovery, Hepatic phase -- death in 7-10 days) Treatment: Penicillin, liver transplant

Question 33

Taxol

Answer 33

Class: Cancer - interferes with depolymerization by stabilizing microtubules which block the G1 or M phase. - Cancer

Question 34

Cytochalasins

Answer 34

Class: Fungal product | - Blocks polymerization of actin, which can inhibit cell movement