06 - Cell Adaptation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first sign of cell injury?

A

Cloudy swelling

  • Mitochondria is first to swell
  • RER loses its ribosomes
  • Golgi begins to swell
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2
Q

What is the second step of cell injury?

A

Hydropic degeneration

  • Swelling is continued
  • Liquid is building up in the vacuoles
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3
Q

What is the third stage you see later on with cell injury?

A

Fatty change (steatosis)

  • Accumulation of triglycerides in cytoplasm
  • Fatty changes can be caused by alcohol and chronic hypoxia
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4
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in size

- Ex. Testis, skeletal muscle, brain

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5
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in size

  • reversible
  • Ex. Cardiac muscle , Skeletal muscle, Uterus
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6
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in number

  • reversible
  • Ex. Endometrium, prostate gland, red blood cells, glandular epithelium of breast, uterine enlargement
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7
Q

Metaplasia

A

Change in what it is

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8
Q

Involution and example

A

Process by which an organ shrink back to its normal size after hypertrophy or hyperplasia
- Ex. Uterus and Mammary glands for lactation

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9
Q

Metaplasia and example

A

Change in what it is

  • reversible
  • Ex. Acid reflux - esophagus has stratified squamous but acids can come back up which changes the squamous to columnar
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10
Q

Dysplasia and example

A

Failure of differentiation and maturation (LOOKS WEIRD)

  • May arise from tissue with metaplasia
  • cells seem to be smaller but the nucleus is BIG
  • Mitosis is occurring
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11
Q

Neoplasia

A

Early form of cancer

  • Can not return to original form
  • Malignant or Benign
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